Citroën Type A

The Citroën Type A was produced from June 1919 to December 1921 in Paris, France. It was the first car Citroën made. 24,093 were built.

Citroën Type A 10CV
Overview
Manufacturer	Citroën
Production	1919–1921 24,093 made
Assembly	Parc André Citroën, Quai de Javel, Vaugirard, Paris, France
Body and chassis
Body style	"Torpedo" "Torpedo Sport" "Conduite Intérieure" (saloon/sedan) "Coupe de Ville"
Layout	FR layout
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol: 1.3 L Straight-4
Transmission	3-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2.83 metres (111.4 in) (long) 2.55 metres (100.4 in) (short)
Length	4.00 metres (157.5 in) (long) 3.40 metres (133.9 in) (short)
Width	1.41 metres (55.5 in)
Curb weight	810 kg (1,790 lb) (long) 680 kg (1,500 lb) (short)
Chronology
Predecessor	none
Successor	Citroën Type B2

Origins

During World War I, André Citroën was producing ammunition. As early as 1917, Citroën investigated the development of a light car of the medium range, under the direction of Jules Salomon.

The car

Under the designation 10 HP Type A the car had a water-cooled 1327 cc four-cylinder engine and an output of 18 hp (13 kW). Its maximum speed was 65 km/h (40 mph). The chassis had inverted quarter elliptic springs at the front and double quarter elliptics at the rear. Braking was on the rear wheels only controlled by a hand lever with a foot pedal operated transmission brake.

The chassis was made in two lengths and could carry a variety of coachwork. The long chassis was available as Torpedo (four-seat tourer), Torpedo Sport, Conduite Intérieure,^[1] Coupé de ville and light truck and the short chassis with Torpedo (3-seat), Conduite Intérieure, Coupé de Ville and camionette (van). The shorter 2,550 mm (100.4 in) wheelbase chassis was available only on demand until the start of 1920 after which the option was withdrawn in order to maximize standardization and derive the resulting cost and efficiency benefits.^[2]

Final drive transmission of the Citroën Type A

The final drive used a bevel gear with herringbone teeth, whose shape was the inspiration for the Citroën double chevron logo^{[citation needed]}.

Commercial

Production line for the Citroën Type A

In its first year of production, the standard Type A cost 7,950 francs. One year later the selling price had increased to 12,500 francs.

After a slightly hesitant start in 1919, sales took off in 1920, during which more than 20,000 cars emerged from the factory in a single year.^[2] With a production rate of 100 vehicles a day, Citroën became the first mass-production manufacturer in Europe.

Classification in the French tax and insurance system

The car was a 10 CV and was advertised as such with the then more common English name "Horsepower" as 10 HP.

Notes

1. Conduite Intérieure = carrosserie entièrement fermée - ie saloon/sedan car body.
   The driver sits inside the car's cabin in front of the passengers (though maybe separated from their conversations by a glass partition). The contrast is with earlier carriages and carriage based car designs which placed the passengers inside while the driver sat at the front, unprotected from the weather, driving the car as twenty years earlier he had driven the horses. Many French phrases, including "Conduite Intérieure", were still being extensively used in the car world in Britain in the 1920s, reflecting France's leading role as an automobile producer during the first decade of the twentieth century.
2. "Automobilia". Toutes les voitures françaises 1920 (Salon [Oct] 1919). 31. Paris: Histoire & collections: 65. 2004.

Further reading

• André Citroën -The man and the motor car. John Reynoolds. Sutton Publishing, Gloucestershire, UK. 1996. ISBN 0-905778-32-4

Citroën 10 HP Type A - Citroën Origins

• Media related to Citroën Type A at Wikimedia Commons