Chathamiidae

Chathamiidae is a family of case-making caddisflies more commonly known as the marine caddisflies.^[1] Chathamiids are unique among insects in their invasion of the tide pool environment. Larvae construct their cases of coralline algae. The eggs of one marine caddisfy species (Philanisus plebeius) are found inside starfish (Patiriella regularis in New Zealand and Patiriella exigua in Australia).^[2] The five described species^[3] are distributed along the coasts of New Zealand, New South Wales, and the Chatham Islands.^[4]

Chathamiidae
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Trichoptera
Superfamily:	Sericostomatoidea
Family:	Chathamiidae Tillyard, 1925
Genera
Chathamia Philianisus

Taxonomy

in 1925 Tillyard created the new sub-family Chathamiinae and described the species Chathamia brevipennis from the Chatham Islands. He wrote that this caddisfly is remarkable for the reduced wings and enormous head of adults.^[5] The two genera Philanisus and Chathamia were combined into the same family by Riek in 1977.^[1] The five species within this family were shown to be closely related using mtDNA sequence.^[4]

Distribution

Found around the coast of New Zealand and in Southern Australia.^[1] Two species are endemic to New Zealand with restricted distributions. Kermadecs is home to P. fasciatus and P. mataua is restricted to Northern New Zealand. Chathamia integripennis is found in Northern New Zealand^[1] and Southern Australia.^[4] Chathamia brevipennis is restricted to the Chatham Islands. In contrast Philanisus plebeius is widespread around the shores of New Zealand.

References

1. Riek, E. F. (1977). "THE MARINE CADDISFLY FAMILY CHATHAMIIDAE (TRICHOPTERA)". Australian Journal of Entomology. 15 (4): 405–419. doi:10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01724.x. ISSN 1326-6756.
2. Winterbourn, M. J.; Anderson, N. H. (1980). "The life history of Philanisus plebeius Walker (Trichoptera: Chathamiidae), a caddisfly whose eggs were found in a starfish". Ecological Entomology. 5 (3): 293–304. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1980.tb01151.x. ISSN 0307-6946.
3. Ward, John B. (1995). "Nine new species of New Zealand caddis (Trichoptera)". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 22 (1): 91–103. doi:10.1080/03014223.1995.9518025. ISSN 0301-4223.
4. Boast, Alexander Peter (2010). Evolution of New Zealand's Marine Caddisflies: A Phylogenetic and Phylogeographic Assessment of the Chathamiidae (Insecta: Trichoptera) (thesis thesis). Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington.
5. Tillyard, R. J. (1925). "Caddis-flies (order Trichoptera) from the Chatham Islands". Records of the Canterbury Museum. 2: 277–284.