Cenchrus is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family.[4][6] Its species are native to many countries in Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands.[7][8]
 | It has been suggested that Pennisetum be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since August 2024. |
| Cenchrus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Cenchrus longispinus line drawing[1] | |
.jpg) | |
| Cenchrus echinatus burr | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Panicoideae |
| Supertribe: | Panicodae |
| Tribe: | Paniceae |
| Subtribe: | Cenchrinae |
| Genus: | Cenchrus L. (1753)[2] |
| Type species | |
| Cenchrus echinatus[3][4] | |
| Synonyms[5] | |
| |
Common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur. Such names allude to the sharp, spine-covered burrs characterizing the inflorescences of the members of the genus.[9]
Some botanists include the genus within the related genus Pennisetum.
Species
107 species are currently accepted.[5] They include:[10][11][12][13]
- Cenchrus abyssinicus (Hack.) Morrone – Ethiopia, Tanzania, Yemen, Limpopo, Mpumalanga
- Cenchrus agrimonioides Trin. – kāmanomano – Hawaiian Islands
- Cenchrus alopecuroides (L.) Thunb.
- Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone
- Cenchrus annuus (Mez) Morrone
- Cenchrus arnhemicus (F.Muell.) Morrone – Australia (Western Australia and Northern Territory)
- Cenchrus articularis (Trin.) M.W.Tornab. & W.L.Wagner
- Cenchrus basedowii (Summerh. & C.E.Hubb.) Morrone
- Cenchrus beckeroides (Leeke) ined.
- Cenchrus biflorus Roxb. – kram-kram – Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent, and Madagascar
- Cenchrus brevisetosus (B.K.Simon) B.K.Simon – Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, and Queensland)
- Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult. – North America, South America, and West Indies
- Cenchrus cafer (Bory) Veldkamp
- Cenchrus caliculatus Cav. – Australia, New Zealand, and assorted islands in the Pacific and Indian oceans
- Cenchrus caudatus (Schrad.) Kuntze
- Cenchrus chilensis (É.Desv.) Morrone
- Cenchrus ciliaris L. – buffelgrass – Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent, and Sicily; naturalized as a nutritious arid pasture lands in parts of North and South America, Australia,[14] Southeast Asia, and various islands; considered noxious weed in some places
- Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.) Morrone
- Cenchrus complanatus (Nees) Morrone
- Cenchrus × cupreus (Thorpe) Govaerts
- Cenchrus distachyus (E.Fourn.) Morrone
- Cenchrus distichophyllus Griseb. – Cuba
- Cenchrus divisus (J.F.Gmel.) Verloove, Govaerts & Buttler
- Cenchrus domingensis (Spreng. ex Schult.) Morrone
- Cenchrus durus (Beal) Morrone
- Cenchrus echinatus L. – common sandbur – North America, South America, and West Indies; naturalized in parts of Africa, southern Asia, and various islands
- Cenchrus elegans (Hassk.) Veldkamp – Malesia
- Cenchrus elymoides F.Muell. – Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, and Queensland)
- Cenchrus exiguus (Mez) ined.
- Cenchrus flaccidus (Griseb.) Morrone
- Cenchrus flexilis (Mez) Morrone
- Cenchrus foermerianus (Leeke) Morrone
- Cenchrus geniculatus Thunb.
- Cenchrus glaucifolius (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Rudov
- Cenchrus gracilescens (Hochst.) Zon
- Cenchrus gracillimus Nash – West Indies and southeastern USA
- Cenchrus henryanus (F.Br.) M.W.Tornab. & W.L.Wagner
- Cenchrus hohenackeri (Hochst. ex Steud.) Morrone
- Cenchrus hordeoides (Lam.) Morrone
- Cenchrus intectus (Chase) Morrone
- Cenchrus lanatus (Klotzsch) Morrone
- Cenchrus latifolius (Spreng.) Morrone
- Cenchrus laxius (Clayton) Zon
- Cenchrus ledermannii (Mez) ined.
- Cenchrus longisetus M.C.Johnst.
- Cenchrus longispinus (Hack.) Fern. – mat sandbur – Canada, USA, and Mexico
- Cenchrus longissimus (S.L.Chen & Y.X.Jin) Morrone
- Cenchrus × longistylus (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Thulin & S.M.Phillips
- Cenchrus massaicus (Stapf) Morrone
- Cenchrus mezianus (Leeke) Morrone
- Cenchrus michoacanus H.F.Gut. & Morrone
- Cenchrus mitis Andersson – Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and Mozambique
- Cenchrus monostigma (Pilg.) Morrone
- Cenchrus multiflorus J.Presl – Mexico, Central America
- Cenchrus mutilatus Kuntze
- Cenchrus myosuroides Kunth – North America, South America, and West Indies
- Cenchrus nanus (Engl.) ined.
- Cenchrus nervosus (Nees) Kuntze
- Cenchrus nodiflorus (Franch.) Zon
- Cenchrus nubicus (Hochst.) Zon
- Cenchrus occidentalis (Chase) Morrone
- Cenchrus orientalis (Rich.) Morrone
- Cenchrus palmeri Vasey – Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa, and Arizona
- Cenchrus pennisetiformis Steud. – Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and Indian Subcontinent
- Cenchrus peruvianus (Trin.) Morrone
- Cenchrus petiolaris (Hochst.) Morrone
- Cenchrus pilcomayensis (Mez) Morrone
- Cenchrus pilosus Kunth – central Mexico to northern Chile
- Cenchrus pirottae (Chiov.) Zon
- Cenchrus platyacanthus Andersson – Galápagos
- Cenchrus prieurii (Kunth) Maire – Sahara, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent, and Myanmar
- Cenchrus preslii (Kunth) ined.
- Cenchrus procerus (Stapf) Morrone
- Cenchrus prolificus (Chase) Morrone
- Cenchrus pseudotriticoides (A.Camus) Voronts.
- Cenchrus pumilus (Hack.) ined.
- Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone – Africa and Oman
- Cenchrus qianningensis (S.L.Zhong) Morrone
- Cenchrus ramosus (Hochst.) Morrone
- Cenchrus rigidus (Griseb.) Morrone
- Cenchrus riparius (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Morrone
- Cenchrus robustus R.D.Webster – Queensland and New South Wales
- Cenchrus rupestris (Chase) Morrone
- Cenchrus sagittatus (Henrard) Morrone
- Cenchrus schweinfurthii (Pilg.) Zon
- Cenchrus setaceus (Forssk.) Morrone – tender fountain grass, crimson fountaingrass – northern Africa and southwestern Asia; naturalized in Australia, New Zealand, and scattered places in Europe and the Americas
- Cenchrus setiger Vahl – Sahara, East Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Indian Subcontinent, Myanmar, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands
- Cenchrus shaanxiensis (S.L.Chen & Y.X.Jin) Morrone
- Cenchrus sichuanensis (S.L.Chen & Y.X.Jin) Morrone
- Cenchrus sieberianus (Schltdl.) Verloove
- Cenchrus somalensis Clayton – Somalia
- Cenchrus sphacelatus (Nees) Morrone
- Cenchrus spinifex Cav. – coastal sandbur – North America, South America, and West Indies
- Cenchrus squamulatus (Fresen.) Morrone
- Cenchrus stramineus (Peter) Morrone
- Cenchrus tempisquensis (R.W.Pohl) Morrone
- Cenchrus thulinii (S.M.Phillips) Morrone
- Cenchrus trachyphyllus (Pilg.) Morrone
- Cenchrus tribuloides L. – sanddune sandbur – North America, South America, and West Indies
- Cenchrus trisetus (Leeke) Morrone
- Cenchrus tristachyus (Kunth) Kuntze
- Cenchrus uliginosus (Hack.) ined.
- Cenchrus unisetus (Nees) Morrone
- Cenchrus violaceus (Lam.) Morrone
- Cenchrus weberbaueri (Mez) Morrone
- Cenchrus yemensis (Deflers) Rudov & Akhani
- Formerly included[10]
Several species are now considered better suited to other genera: Anthephora, Centotheca, Dactyloctenium, Echinaria, Echinolaena, Hackelochloa, Hilaria, Pennisetum, Phragmites, Scleria, Setaria, Trachys, Tragus, Tribolium.
Sand spur in front of a centimeter scale
Sandspurs with 1mm markings
See also
References
External links
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