Cartography of Ukraine

The cartography of Ukraine involves the history of surveying and the construction of maps of Ukraine.

Map of the Odessa Military District (1866)

Early maps

Maps of Ukraine have been produced since the late mediaeval period. During the Turkish wars between 1568 and 1918, high-quality French maps were kept^{[by whom?]} as state secrets amid diplomatic negotiations, while 20th-century maps have reflected the region's multiple changes of government.

Ukraine is largely absent from the maps of the Turkish manuscript mapping-tradition that flourished during the reign of the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II the Conqueror (r. 1444–1446, 1451–1481); the Mediterranean received its own section in world maps,^[1]: 5 but typical Turkish maps of the period omitted the Black Sea, and the entire region of the Rus' appeared as just a small portion of Asia between the Caspian and the Mediterranean.^[1]: 7

17th century

Two centuries later Guillaume le Vasseur, sieur de Beauplan became one of the more prominent cartographers working with Ukrainian data. His 1639 descriptive map of the region was the first such one produced, and after he published a pair of Ukraine maps of different scale in 1660, his drawings were republished^{[by whom?]} throughout much of Europe.^[2] A copy of de Beauplan's maps played a crucial rôle in negotiations between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire in 1640; its depiction of the disputed Kodak Fortress was of such quality that the head Polish ambassador, Wojciech Miaskowski, deemed it dangerous to exhibit it to his Turkish counterparts.^[3]

Giacomo Cantelli da Vignola's 1684 map of Tartaria d'Europa^[4] includes "Vkraina o Paese dei Cossachi de Zaporowa" [Ukraine or the land of the Zaporozhian Cossacks].

18th century

English-language maps of 1769 depicted the Crimean Khanate as part of its suzerain, the Ottoman Empire, with clear boundaries between the Muslim-ruled states in the south and the Christian-ruled states to the north. Another map from the eighteenth century, inscribed in Latin, was careful to depict a small buffer zone between Kiev and the Polish border.^{[5][need quotation to verify]}

Modern maps

In more recent history, maps of the country have reflected its tumultuous political status and relations with Russia; for example, the city known as "Lvov" (Russian: Львов) during the Soviet era (until 1991) was depicted as "Leopol" or "Lemberg" during its time (1772-1918) in the Habsburg realms, while post-Soviet maps produced in Ukraine have referred to it by its endonym of "Lviv"^[5] (Ukrainian: Львів). (Under Polish rule (1272-1772) it went by the Polish name of Lwów).

List

Year	Original Name	Name in English	Author	Description	Map
1154		Map of al-Idrisi	Abu Abdullah Muhammad al-Idrisi al-Qurtubi al-Hasani al-Sabti	The map of al-Idrisi in 1154 shows not only the territorial placement of Ukraine, but also for the first time the name "Rusia" (Rusia, meaning Kievan Rus). The inscriptions on the map include "Ard al Rusia" - the land of Rus (the territory of Right-bank and Left-bank Ukraine), "muttasil ard al Rusia" - the connected land of Rus, "minal Rusia al tuani" - dependent on Rus. The rivers - Dnipro, Dniester, Danube - are marked and labeled, as well as Kyiv (Kiau) and other Ukrainian cities.
1375		Catalan Atlas (Portolan)	Abraham Cresques	The cartography was done during the decline of the Galicia-Volhynia state.
1544		"Cosmographia". Map of the Polish region	Sebastian Münster	Rus (Peremyshl, Lviv, Lutsk, Kyiv), Podolia (Kamianets-Podilskyi, Horodets, Bastarnia), Bessarabia, Scythia, Crimea (Perekop, Kaffa); Muscovy, Pskov region, Tataria; Livonia (Riga), Sarmatia, Lithuania (Vilnius, Hrodna), Prussia (Marienburg, Danzig), Mazovia, Greater Poland, Lesser Poland, Hungary, Wallachia, Moldavia.
1550		Black Sea basin Portolan	Battista Agnese	Rus', Tataria and Muscovy
1559		Black Sea Portolan	Diogo Homem
1568	…dirego della seconda…		Forlani
1571	Tabula Sarmatiae from Strabonis Rerum Geographicarum	Ptolemy's map	Sebastian Münster	European Sarmatia with the cities of Olbia, Heraclea, Theodosia, Claypida and geographical features such as the Carpathian Mountains, the Dnieper (Borysthenes), the Dniester (Tyras), Tauria, the Sea of Azov (Paludes Meotidis), the Black Sea (Ponti Evxini), Amadotian Lake and others.
1613	Magni Ducatus Lithuaniae Caeterarumque Regionum Illi Adjacentium . . . Anno 1613 (I)	Radziwiłł map	Hessel Gerritsz, Willem Janszoon Blaeu	The map shows "Eastern Volhynia, which was also called Ukraine and Niz." between Rzhyshchiv and Kaniv in central Podniprovia. One of the earliest cartographic sources with the mention of "Ukraine".[6]
1648	…Delineatio generalis Camporum Desertorum vulgo Ukraina	General Description of the Deserted Camps, in other words — Ukraine	Guillaume Le Vasseur de Beauplan
1649	Typus Generalis Vkraine	General description of Ukraine	Jan Janssonius
1659—1685	Ukrainae pars quae Kiovia Palatinatus vulgo dicitur	Ukrainian lands, Kyiv Voivodeship	Guillaume Le Vasseur de Beauplan, Covens & Mortier
XVII century	Ukraine Pars qva Podolia…	Ukrainian lands, Podillia	Covens & Mortier	The Covens map was created based on the map by Boplan.
XVII century	Ukrainae pars quae Barclavia…	Ukrainian lands, Bracław region	Covens & Mortier	Published in Amsterdam.
1662	Ukraine Pars qva Pokutia…	Ukrainian lands, Carpathians.	Joan Blaeu	Modern Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. Created by cartographer Guillaume Le Vasseur de Beauplan.
1665	Russie Noire	Black Rus	Nicolas Sanson	Black Rus (Galicia)
1665	Tartarie Europeenne ou Petite Tartarie…	European Tartaria, so-called A Little Tartary	Nicolas Sanson	Tartary, Ukraine - the state of the Cossacks, Muscovy and Poland.
1665	Haute Volhynie, ou Palatinat de Lusuc; tire de la Grande Carte d'Ukraine.	Volyn, so-called Lutsk lands; part of the Great Map of Ukraine	Nicolas Sanson
XVII century	Vkraina	Ukraine	Wilhelm Pfann
1670	Regni Polonia magni ducatus Lithuania	Poland and Lithuania	Carlo Alard	Poland, Lithuania, and Ukraine as part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
1674	…Vkraine ou Pays des Cosaques	Ukraine - State of the Cossacks	Guillaume Sanson
1684	Tartaria d Europa ouero Piccola Tartaria	European Tartary or Little Tartary	Giacomo Cantelli	Dnieper Ukraine marked as "Ukraine or the land of the Zaporozhian Cossacks" (Vkraina o Paese de Cossachi di Zaporowa). To the east of it is another Ukraine - "Ukraine or the land of the Don Cossacks, dependent on Moscow" (Vkraina ouero Paese de Cossachi Tanaiti Soggetti al Moscouita).
1705	Королевства Польского и Великого княжества Литовского чертеж	Plan of the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania	Peter Picart	The map depicts the territories of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. There are also markings for Ukraine (Ꙋkraіna) and Part of Moscow State.
1705	Le mar noire… Et les pars Cosaques…	The Black Sea... And the Lands of the Cossacks...	Nicolas de Fer	The northern Black Sea coast - the lands of the Cossacks - Ukraine, and Little Tataria.
1710(?)	Ukraine grand pays de la Russie Rouge avec une partie de la Pologne, Moscovie…	Great Country - Ukraine, Red Ruthenia, bordering with Poland, Muscovy, Wallachia...	Pierre Van Der Haeghen;
1710	Ukraina	Ukraine	Abraham Allard	Map of Poland and Muscovy (including Lithuania, Ukraine, Russia, Volhynia, Courland, Crimea, Wallachia, Livonia)
1711	Ukraine…		Guillaume Delisle	Map of Ukraine, Kiev Voivodeship.
1720	Vkrania que terra Cosaccorvm…	Ukraine - land of the Cossacks	Johann Baptist Homann	Map "Ukraine or Cossack land with neighboring provinces of Wallachia, Moldavia, and Little Tartary" by Johann Baptist Homann, Nuremberg, 1716. Western and central parts of Ukraine are shown. Near UKRANIA is marked as RUSSIA RUBRA. According to one version, the man sitting and smoking a pipe surrounded by associates depicted on the cartouche is Ivan Mazepa.
1723	Unnamed map in Travels through Europe, Asia and into parts of Africa		Aubry de La Mottraye [fr]	The author served king Charles XII of Sweden, staying with his army in Bender, Moldova during 1709–1713 after their retreat from the 1709 Battle of Poltava. Most details concern western Black Sea coastal towns between Bender on the Dniester and Constantinople (modern Istanbul), with few details on the area he called "UCKRANIA" except "Pultava" (Poltava, marked with crossed swords) on the left bank and a few towns including "Kiow" (modern Kyiv) on the right bank. Mottraye published Travels through Europe, Asia and into parts of Africa in London in 1723 (dedicated to George I), including this map with (dedicated probably to Robert Sutton (diplomat)).
1730	Nova Mappa Maris Nigri…	New map of the Black Sea	Matthäus Seutter
1740	Nova Et Accurata Tartarie Europe Seu Minoris…	European Tartary	Matthäus Seutter	Little Tartary and Ukraine - land of the Cossacks.
1740	Nova et accurata Turcicarum et Tartaricarum Provinciarum		Matthäus Seutter	Malo-Tartary and Ukraine - Cossack State.
1770	Amplissima Ucraniae Regio…	Ukraine and regions	Tobias Conrad Lotter	Ukrainian lands
1781	Russia Rossa		Antonio Zatta	Translates to "Dry Rus". According to another version - "Red Rus".
1919	Carte de Ukraine			A map presented by the delegation of the UNR at the Paris Peace Conference.
1920	World Map with the Distribution of Ukrainians	"World Map with the Distribution of Ukrainians" by Georg Hasenko, 1920.
1928	Contemporary Division of Eastern Slavs by Language	Modern division of Eastern Slavs by language	Kudryashov K. V.	A map published in the "Russian Historical Atlas" in Moscow, which received the first prize of the TsEKUB and the Central Executive Committee of the USSR.

See also

• Geography of Ukraine

References

1. Pinto, Karen. "The Maps are the Message: Mehmet II's Patronage of an 'Ottoman Cluster'". Imago Mundi 63.2 (2011): 155-179. DOI: 10.1080/03085694.2011.568703.
2. Borschak, Elie. "Beauplan, Guillaume Le Vasseur de". Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, 2009. Accessed 2014-08-11.
3. Pernal, Andrew B. "Two Newly-Discovered Seventeenth-Century Manuscript Maps of Ukraine". Od Kijowa do Rzymu. Białystok : Instytut Badań nad Dziedzictwem Kulturowym Europy, 2012, 188.
4. Tartaria d'Europa
5. Kendall, Bridget. "Ukraine Maps Chart Crimea's Troubled Past", BBC, 2014-03-13. Accessed 2014-08-11.
6. "Magni Ducatus Lithuaniae Caeterarumque Regionum Illi Adjacentium . . . Anno 1613 (I)". vkraina.com. Vkraina. Archived from the original on January 16, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.

External links

• Ukraine on old maps from the National Atlas of Ukraine
• Old maps of Ukraine Historical maps from Old Maps Online