Carpenteria

For the palm, see Carpentaria.

This article is about the Carpenteria plant. For other uses, see Carpenteria (disambiguation).

For other uses of "tree anemone", see Tree anemone.

Carpenteria /ˌkɑːrpənˈtɪəriə ˌkælɪˈfɔːrnɪkə/,^[2] the tree anemone or bush anemone, is a genus of flowering plants in the hydrangea family Hydrangeaceae.^[3] It is closely related to the similar genus Philadelphus and is monotypic, being represented by the single species Carpenteria californica which is a flowering evergreen shrub native to the Sierra Nevada foothills in California.

Carpenteria
Conservation status
Critically Imperiled  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Cornales
Family:	Hydrangeaceae
Subfamily:	Hydrangeoideae
Tribe:	Philadelpheae
Genus:	Carpenteria Torr.
Species:	C. californica
Binomial name
Carpenteria californica Torr.

Eponym

The genus was named in honor of Dr. William Marbury Carpenter,^[4] a noted botanist from Louisiana.

Watercolor of Carpenteria californica by Albert Robert Valentien.

Description

Carpenteria californica grows to 1–3 m (3 ft 3 in – 9 ft 10 in) tall, with flaky bark on older stems. The leaves are opposite, lanceolate, 4–10 cm (2–4 in) long and 1–2.5 cm (0.4–1.0 in) broad, glossy green above, blue-green to whitish and downy beneath.

The sweetly-scented flowers are 3–7 cm (1–3 in) across with five to eight pure white petals and a cluster of yellow stamens. It flowers from late spring to midsummer. The fruit is a leathery capsule 6–12 mm (1⁄4–1⁄2 in) in diameter, containing numerous seeds.

Distribution and habitat

The bush anemone is a rare species, endemic to only seven sites in Fresno and Madera Counties, where it grows in chaparral and oak woodlands at 340–1,340 m (1,115–4,396 ft) altitude, between the San Joaquin River and Kings River. It is well adapted to wildfire, reproducing by stump sprouts after burning. Natural seedlings are rare.^[5]

Cultivation

Carpenteria californica is cultivated as an ornamental plant, grown for its lush foliage, large scented flowers and drought tolerance. It is used in traditional and wildlife gardens^[6][7] in subtropical and temperate locations in the northern hemisphere. It is hardy down to −10 °C (14 °F) in sheltered locations in full sun.^[8]

It has been in cultivation since 1875, and is now much more common in gardens than in its natural habitat. It first flowered in England for the famed plantswoman Gertrude Jekyll at Godalming in 1885.^[7]

Cultivars include:

• 'Bodnant' — cold-tolerant cultivar, hardy to −15 °C (5 °F) in the British Isles
• 'Elizabeth' — masses of smaller white flowers, more compact growth habit^[9]
• 'Ladham's' — large flowers

The cultivars 'Elizabeth' and 'Bodnant' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.^[10]

References

1. "USDA Plants Database".
2. Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
3. Carpenteria californica (bush anemone, tree anemone)
4. Glenn R. Conrad, ed.: A Dictionary of Louisiana Biography, Vol. I, A to M, The Louisiana Historical Association, New Orleans, La., 1988, pp. 24, 153-154, 303. 557.
5. Neal, Donald L. "Carpenteria californica Torr" (PDF). fs.usda.gov. USDA Forest Service. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
6. NPIN−Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center: Carpenteria californica
7. Western Horticultural Society: Carpenteria californica Archived 2015-04-16 at the Wayback Machine
8. "Carpenteria californica". RHS. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
9. San Marcos Growers horticulture database: Carpenteria californica 'Elizabeth'
10. "RHS Plantfinder - Carpenteria californica 'Elizabeth'". Retrieved 24 January 2018.

Media related to Carpenteria californica at Wikimedia Commons