Budesonide
Type of corticosteroid medication / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Budesonide, sold under the brand name Pulmicort, among others, is a steroid medication.[8] It is available as an inhaler, nebulization solution, pill, nasal spray, and rectal forms.[8][9] The inhaled form is used in the long-term management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).[8][10][11] The nasal spray is used for allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps.[9][12] Modified-release pills or capsules and rectal forms may be used for inflammatory bowel disease including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and microscopic colitis.[13][14][15]
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Trade names | Pulmicort, Rhinocort, Entocort, others |
Other names | BUD |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a608007 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, nasal, tracheal, rectal, inhalation |
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Bioavailability | 10-20% (first pass effect) |
Protein binding | 85-90% |
Metabolism | Liver CYP3A4 |
Elimination half-life | 2.0-3.6 hours |
Excretion | Urine, feces |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.051.927 |
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Formula | C25H34O6 |
Molar mass | 430.541 g·mol−1 |
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Common side effects with the inhaled form include respiratory infections, cough, and headaches.[16] Common side effects with the pills include feeling tired, vomiting, and joint pains.[16] Serious side effects include an increased risk of infection, loss of bone strength, and cataracts.[16] Long-term use of the pill form may cause adrenal insufficiency.[16] Stopping the pills suddenly following long-term use may therefore be dangerous.[16] The inhaled form is generally safe in pregnancy.[16] Budesonide chiefly acts as a glucocorticoid.[16]
Budesonide was initially patented in 1973.[17] Commercial use as an asthma medication began in 1981.[18] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[19] Some forms are available as a generic medication.[20][21] In 2021, it was the 185th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions.[22][23]