Bovine malignant catarrhal fever
Species of virus / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Bovine malignant catarrhal fever (BMCF) is a fatal lymphoproliferative disease[1] caused by a group of ruminant gamma herpes viruses including Alcelaphine gammaherpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1)[2] and Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2)[1][3] These viruses cause unapparent infection in their reservoir hosts (sheep with OvHV-2 and wildebeest with AlHV-1), but are usually fatal in cattle and other ungulates such as deer, antelope, and buffalo.[2] In Southern Africa the disease is known as snotsiekte, from the Afrikaans.[4][5]
Alcelaphine gammaherpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1), Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OHV-2) | |
---|---|
Virus classification | |
(unranked): | Virus |
Realm: | Duplodnaviria |
Kingdom: | Heunggongvirae |
Phylum: | Peploviricota |
Class: | Herviviricetes |
Order: | Herpesvirales |
Family: | Orthoherpesviridae |
Genus: | Macavirus |
Species: | Alcelaphine gammaherpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1), Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OHV-2) |
BMCF is most prevalent in areas where reservoir and susceptible animals mix. There is a particular problem with Bali cattle in Indonesia,[6] bison in the US[7] and in pastoralist herds in Eastern and Southern Africa.[8][9]
Disease outbreaks in cattle are usually sporadic, although infection of up to 40% of a herd has been reported. The reasons for this are unknown. Some species appear to be particularly susceptible, for example Père David's deer,[10] Bali cattle[6] and bison,[7] with many deer dying within 48 hours of the appearance of the first symptoms and bison within three days.[1][11] In contrast, post infection cattle will usually survive a week or more.[12]