Bidens is a genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae.[3] The genus include roughly 230 species which are distributed worldwide.[4] Despite their global distribution, the systematics and taxonomy of the genus has been described as complicated and unorganized.[4][5] The common names beggarticks, black jack, burr marigolds, cobbler's pegs, Spanish needles, stickseeds, tickseeds and tickseed sunflowers refer to the fruits of the plants, most of which are bristly and barbed. The generic name refers to the same character; Bidens comes from the Latinbis ("two") and dens ("tooth").[3]
Prestinaria Sch.Bip. ex Hochst., not validly publ.
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Bidens cernua
Despite their global distribution, the systematics and taxonomy of the genus has been described as complicated and unorganized.[4][5] The genus include roughly 230 species.[6][7]
Bidens is closely related to the American genus Coreopsis, and the genera are sometimes difficult to tell apart; in addition, neither is monophyletic.[8]
Bidens frondosa L. – devil's beggarticks, devil's pitchfork, devil's bootjack, pitchfork weed, common beggarticks, sticktights. Pitchfork weed (B. frondosa) is considered to be a weed in New Zealand.
Bidens laevis (L.) B.S.P. – smooth beggarticks, smooth bur-marigold, larger bur-marigold. Smooth beggarticks (B. laevis) is a common fall flower in the southeastern United States.
Bidens includes roughly 230 species which are distributed worldwide[4] throughout many tropical and warm temperate regions.[6] Species occur in the Americas, Africa, Polynesia, Europe and Asia.[13]
Bidens are zoochorous; their seeds will stick to clothing, fur or feathers, and be carried to new habitat. This has enabled them to colonize a wide range, including many oceanic islands. Some of these species occur only in a very restricted range and several are now threatened with extinction, notably in the Hawaiian Islands. Due to the absence of native mammals on these islands, some of the oceanic island taxa have reduced burrs, evolving features that seem to aid in dispersal by the wind instead.
"Genus: Bidens L". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-10-05. Archived from the original on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
Knope, M. L., Funk, V. A., Johnson, M. A., Wagner, W. L., Datlof, E. M., Johnson, G., ... & Carlquist, S. (2020). Dispersal and adaptive radiation of Bidens (Compositae) across the remote archipelagoes of Polynesia. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 58(6), 805-822.
Ganders, F. R., Berbee, M., & Perseyedi, M. (2000). ITS base sequence phylogeny in Bidens (Asteraceae): Evidence for the continental relatives of Hawaiian and Marquesan Bidens. Systematic Botany,25(1), 122-133.
"GRIN Species Records of Bidens". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2009-01-20. Retrieved 2011-02-12.