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Geological formation in the Colombian Andes From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Barzalosa Formation (Spanish: Formación Barzalosa, Pgb, Pgba) is a fossiliferous geological formation of the Upper Magdalena Valley and the bounding foothills of the Central Ranges and Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation consists of conglomerates, sandstones and siltstones. The Barzalosa Formation probably dates to the Late Paleogene to Early Neogene period; Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, and has an approximate thickness of 360 metres (1,180 ft). Fossils of Balanerodus logimus, Lophiodolodus chaparralensis, Xenastrapotherium chaparralensis, Protheosodon sp. and Proadinotherium sp. have been uncovered from the formation in Chaparral, Tolima.
Barzalosa Formation | |
---|---|
Stratigraphic range: ~Mid Eocene-Oligocene or Oligocene-Early Miocene ~ | |
Type | Geological formation |
Underlies | Honda Gp., Carmen de Apicalá Conglomerate |
Overlies | La Tabla Fm., Olini Gp., Seca Fm. |
Thickness | ~360 m (1,180 ft) |
Lithology | |
Primary | Conglomerates |
Other | Sandstones, siltstones, shale, gypsum |
Location | |
Coordinates | 4°21′50.2″N 74°47′29.8″W |
Approximate paleocoordinates | 2.7°N 71.2°W |
Region | Upper Magdalena Valley Central & Eastern Ranges Andes |
Country | Colombia |
Type section | |
Named for | Barzalosa |
Named by | Scheibe |
Location | Girardot |
Year defined | 1934 |
Coordinates | 4°21′50.2″N 74°47′29.8″W |
Region | Cundinamarca |
Country | Colombia |
Paleogeography of Northern South America 35 Ma, by Ron Blakey |
The formation was defined by Scheibe in 1934 and named after Barzalosa, a vereda of Girardot, Cundinamarca. Cáceres and Etayo elevated the "Pisos de Barzalosa" to a formation in 1969.[1]
The Barzalosa Formation consists of conglomerates, sandstones and siltstones.[2] In parts, the formation contains shale beds and gypsum.[3]
The approximately 360 metres (1,180 ft) thick Barzalosa Formation overlies the Olini Group and the Seca Formation in the west and is overlain by the Honda Group.[2] In the east towards Fusagasugá, the formation overlies the La Tabla Formation and is overlain by the Carmen de Apicalá Conglomerate.[4] As the formation does not contain foraminifera, the age is difficult to establish, but has been estimated to be Oligocene to Early Miocene,[2] or Middle Eocene to Oligocene.[5] The depositional environment has been interpreted as alluvial fans and braided rivers.[6]
Location | Department | Fossils | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Alto San José, Chaparral | Tolima | Balanerodus logimus | |
Lophiodolodus chaparralensis | |||
Xenastrapotherium chaparralensis | |||
Protheosodon sp. | |||
Proadinotherium sp. | |||
Megalonychoidae indet., Gavialidae indet. |
The Barzalosa Formation is apart from its type locality found in Tocaima and to the east of Agua de Dios,[1] and on the western side of the Magdalena River around Chaparral, Tolima.[12]
Ma | Age | Paleomap | Regional events | Catatumbo | Cordillera | proximal Llanos | distal Llanos | Putumayo | VSM | Environments | Maximum thickness | Petroleum geology | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.01 | Holocene | Holocene volcanism Seismic activity | alluvium | Overburden | |||||||||
1 | Pleistocene | Pleistocene volcanism Andean orogeny 3 Glaciations | Guayabo | Soatá Sabana | Necesidad | Guayabo | Gigante Neiva | Alluvial to fluvial (Guayabo) | 550 m (1,800 ft) (Guayabo) | [13][14][15][16] | |||
2.6 | Pliocene | Pliocene volcanism Andean orogeny 3 GABI | Subachoque | ||||||||||
5.3 | Messinian | Andean orogeny 3 Foreland | Marichuela | Caimán | Honda | [15][17] | |||||||
13.5 | Langhian | Regional flooding | León | hiatus | Caja | León | Lacustrine (León) | 400 m (1,300 ft) (León) | Seal | [16][18] | |||
16.2 | Burdigalian | Miocene inundations Andean orogeny 2 | C1 | Carbonera C1 | Ospina | Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C1) | 850 m (2,790 ft) (Carbonera) | Reservoir | [17][16] | ||||
17.3 | C2 | Carbonera C2 | Distal lacustrine-deltaic (C2) | Seal | |||||||||
19 | C3 | Carbonera C3 | Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C3) | Reservoir | |||||||||
21 | Early Miocene | Pebas wetlands | C4 | Carbonera C4 | Barzalosa | Distal fluvio-deltaic (C4) | Seal | ||||||
23 | Late Oligocene | Andean orogeny 1 Foredeep | C5 | Carbonera C5 | Orito | Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C5) | Reservoir | [14][17] | |||||
25 | C6 | Carbonera C6 | Distal fluvio-lacustrine (C6) | Seal | |||||||||
28 | Early Oligocene | C7 | C7 | Pepino | Gualanday | Proximal deltaic-marine (C7) | Reservoir | [14][17][19] | |||||
32 | Oligo-Eocene | C8 | Usme | C8 | onlap | Marine-deltaic (C8) | Seal Source | [19] | |||||
35 | Late Eocene | Mirador | Mirador | Coastal (Mirador) | 240 m (790 ft) (Mirador) | Reservoir | [16][20] | ||||||
40 | Middle Eocene | Regadera | hiatus | ||||||||||
45 | |||||||||||||
50 | Early Eocene | Socha | Los Cuervos | Deltaic (Los Cuervos) | 260 m (850 ft) (Los Cuervos) | Seal Source | [16][20] | ||||||
55 | Late Paleocene | PETM 2000 ppm CO2 | Los Cuervos | Bogotá | Gualanday | ||||||||
60 | Early Paleocene | SALMA | Barco | Guaduas | Barco | Rumiyaco | Fluvial (Barco) | 225 m (738 ft) (Barco) | Reservoir | [13][14][17][16][21] | |||
65 | Maastrichtian | KT extinction | Catatumbo | Guadalupe | Monserrate | Deltaic-fluvial (Guadalupe) | 750 m (2,460 ft) (Guadalupe) | Reservoir | [13][16] | ||||
72 | Campanian | End of rifting | Colón-Mito Juan | [16][22] | |||||||||
83 | Santonian | Villeta/Güagüaquí | |||||||||||
86 | Coniacian | ||||||||||||
89 | Turonian | Cenomanian-Turonian anoxic event | La Luna | Chipaque | Gachetá | hiatus | Restricted marine (all) | 500 m (1,600 ft) (Gachetá) | Source | [13][16][23] | |||
93 | Cenomanian | Rift 2 | |||||||||||
100 | Albian | Une | Une | Caballos | Deltaic (Une) | 500 m (1,600 ft) (Une) | Reservoir | [17][23] | |||||
113 | Aptian | Capacho | Fómeque | Motema | Yaví | Open marine (Fómeque) | 800 m (2,600 ft) (Fómeque) | Source (Fóm) | [14][16][24] | ||||
125 | Barremian | High biodiversity | Aguardiente | Paja | Shallow to open marine (Paja) | 940 m (3,080 ft) (Paja) | Reservoir | [13] | |||||
129 | Hauterivian | Rift 1 | Tibú- Mercedes | Las Juntas | hiatus | Deltaic (Las Juntas) | 910 m (2,990 ft) (Las Juntas) | Reservoir (LJun) | [13] | ||||
133 | Valanginian | Río Negro | Cáqueza Macanal Rosablanca | Restricted marine (Macanal) | 2,935 m (9,629 ft) (Macanal) | Source (Mac) | [14][25] | ||||||
140 | Berriasian | Girón | |||||||||||
145 | Tithonian | Break-up of Pangea | Jordán | Arcabuco | Buenavista Batá | Saldaña | Alluvial, fluvial (Buenavista) | 110 m (360 ft) (Buenavista) | "Jurassic" | [17][26] | |||
150 | Early-Mid Jurassic | Passive margin 2 | La Quinta | Montebel Noreán | hiatus | Coastal tuff (La Quinta) | 100 m (330 ft) (La Quinta) | [27] | |||||
201 | Late Triassic | Mucuchachi | Payandé | [17] | |||||||||
235 | Early Triassic | Pangea | hiatus | "Paleozoic" | |||||||||
250 | Permian | ||||||||||||
300 | Late Carboniferous | Famatinian orogeny | Cerro Neiva () | [28] | |||||||||
340 | Early Carboniferous | Fossil fish Romer's gap | Cuche (355-385) | Farallones () | Deltaic, estuarine (Cuche) | 900 m (3,000 ft) (Cuche) | |||||||
360 | Late Devonian | Passive margin 1 | Río Cachirí (360-419) | Ambicá () | Alluvial-fluvial-reef (Farallones) | 2,400 m (7,900 ft) (Farallones) | [25][29][30][31][32] | ||||||
390 | Early Devonian | High biodiversity | Floresta (387-400) El Tíbet | Shallow marine (Floresta) | 600 m (2,000 ft) (Floresta) | ||||||||
410 | Late Silurian | Silurian mystery | |||||||||||
425 | Early Silurian | hiatus | |||||||||||
440 | Late Ordovician | Rich fauna in Bolivia | San Pedro (450-490) | Duda () | |||||||||
470 | Early Ordovician | First fossils | Busbanzá (>470±22) Chuscales Otengá | Guape () | Río Nevado () | Hígado () | [33][34][35] | ||||||
488 | Late Cambrian | Regional intrusions | Chicamocha (490-515) | Quetame () | Ariarí () | SJ del Guaviare (490-590) | San Isidro () | [36][37] | |||||
515 | Early Cambrian | Cambrian explosion | [35][38] | ||||||||||
542 | Ediacaran | Break-up of Rodinia | pre-Quetame | post-Parguaza | El Barro () | Yellow: allochthonous basement (Chibcha Terrane) Green: autochthonous basement (Río Negro-Juruena Province) | Basement | [39][40] | |||||
600 | Neoproterozoic | Cariri Velhos orogeny | Bucaramanga (600-1400) | pre-Guaviare | [36] | ||||||||
800 | Snowball Earth | [41] | |||||||||||
1000 | Mesoproterozoic | Sunsás orogeny | Ariarí (1000) | La Urraca (1030-1100) | [42][43][44][45] | ||||||||
1300 | Rondônia-Juruá orogeny | pre-Ariarí | Parguaza (1300-1400) | Garzón (1180-1550) | [46] | ||||||||
1400 | pre-Bucaramanga | [47] | |||||||||||
1600 | Paleoproterozoic | Maimachi (1500-1700) | pre-Garzón | [48] | |||||||||
1800 | Tapajós orogeny | Mitú (1800) | [46][48] | ||||||||||
1950 | Transamazonic orogeny | pre-Mitú | [46] | ||||||||||
2200 | Columbia | ||||||||||||
2530 | Archean | Carajas-Imataca orogeny | [46] | ||||||||||
3100 | Kenorland | ||||||||||||
Sources |
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