Balearic Islands (Congress of Deputies constituency)

The Balearic Islands (Catalan: Illes Balears, Spanish: Islas Baleares)—Balearics until 2000 (Spanish: Baleares, Catalan: Balears)—are one of the 52 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency currently elects eight deputies. Its boundaries correspond with those of the Balearic Islands. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and a closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

Balearic Islands
Congress of Deputies Electoral constituency
Location of Balearic Islands within Spain
Province	Balearic Islands
Autonomous community	Balearic Islands
Population	1,176,659 (2022)[1]
Electorate	828,755 (2023)
Major settlements	Palma, Calvià, Ibiza
Current constituency
Created	1977
Seats	6 (1977–1993) 7 (1993–2004) 8 (2004–present)
Member(s)	PP (3)   PSOE (3)   Sumar (1)   Vox (1)

Electoral system

The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Act 1977 and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Act provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Congress of Deputies,^[2] with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales.^[3]

Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over eighteen and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over twenty-one and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights. Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Spaniards abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish: Voto rogado) which was abolished in 2022.^[4][5] 348 seats are elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which includes blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Each provincial constituency is entitled to an initial minimum of two seats, with the remaining 248 being distributed in proportion to their populations. Ceuta and Melilla are allocated the two remaining seats, which are elected using plurality voting.^[3][6][7] The use of the D'Hondt method may result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude.^[8]

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one-thousandth of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.^[6][7]

Deputies

Deputies 1977–present
Key to parties   UPM/UP   Podemos   Sumar   PSOE   Cs   UCD   PP   CP   AP   Vox
Legislature	Election	Distribution
Constituent	1977	2 4
1st	1979	2 4
2nd	1982	3 3
3rd	1986	3 3
4th	1989	3 3
5th	1993	3 4
6th	1996	3 4
7th	2000	2 5
8th	2004	4 4
9th	2008	4 4
10th	2011	3 5
11th	2015	2 2 1 3
12th	2016	2 2 1 3
13th	2019 (Apr)	2 3 1 1 1
14th	2019 (Nov)	2 2 2 2
15th	2023	1 3 3 1

Elections

2023 general election

Summary of the 23 July 2023 Congress of Deputies election results in the Balearic Islands

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	179,303	35.63	+12.79	3	+1
	Socialist Party of the Balearic Islands (PSIB–PSOE)	151,786	30.16	+4.72	3	+1
	More for Mallorca–More for Menorca–Unite (Més–MxMe–Sumar)1	83,487	16.59	–7.89	1	–1
	Vox (Vox)	76,547	15.21	–1.86	1	–1
	Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)2	4,969	0.99	–0.38	0	±0
	Workers' Front (FO)	1,039	0.21	New	0	±0
	Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero)	726	0.14	–0.07	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE)	719	0.14	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		4,704	0.93	–0.10
Total		503,280			8	±0
Valid votes		503,280	99.03	–0.01
Invalid votes		4,953	0.97	+0.01
Votes cast / turnout		508,233	61.32	+4.51
Abstentions		320,522	38.68	–4.51
Registered voters		828,755
Sources[9]
Footnotes: 1 More for Mallorca–More for Menorca–Unite results are compared to the combined totals of United We Can, More Left and More Country in the November 2019 election. 2 Animalist Party with the Environment results are compared to Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals totals in the November 2019 election.

November 2019 general election

Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in the Balearic Islands

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	115,567	25.44	–0.92	2	–1
	People's Party (PP)	103,722	22.84	+5.99	2	+1
	United We Can (Podemos–EUIB)	82,225	18.10	+0.26	2	±0
	Vox (Vox)	77,520	17.07	+5.77	2	+1
	Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)	33,451	7.36	–10.06	0	–1
	More Left (Més–MxMe–esquerra)1	18,295	4.03	–0.83	0	±0
	More Country (Más País)	10,652	2.35	New	0	±0
	Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)	6,207	1.37	–0.34	0	±0
	Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)	947	0.21	–0.02	0	±0
	For a Fairer World (PUM+J)	573	0.13	±0.00	0	±0
	Libertarian Party (P–LIB)	372	0.08	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		4,668	1.03	+0.13
Total		454,199			8	±0
Valid votes		454,199	99.04	+0.11
Invalid votes		4,393	0.96	–0.11
Votes cast / turnout		458,592	56.81	–8.56
Abstentions		348,578	43.19	+8.56
Registered voters		807,170
Sources[10]
Footnotes: 1 More Left results are compared to Progressive Voices totals in the April 2019 election.

April 2019 general election

Summary of the 28 April 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in the Balearic Islands

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	136,698	26.36	+6.27	3	+1
	United We Can (Podemos–EUIB)	92,477	17.84	–7.57	2	±0
	Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)	90,340	17.42	+2.85	1	±0
	People's Party (PP)	87,352	16.85	–18.23	1	–2
	Vox (Vox)	58,567	11.30	New	1	+1
	Progressive Voices (Ara–Més–esquerra)	25,191	4.86	New	0	±0
	El Pi–Proposal for the Isles (El Pi)	11,692	2.25	New	0	±0
	Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)	8,864	1.71	+0.15	0	±0
	Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)	1,197	0.23	–0.12	0	±0
	Act (PACT)	796	0.15	New	0	±0
	For a Fairer World (PUM+J)	686	0.13	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		4,647	0.90	–0.01
Total		518,507			8	±0
Valid votes		518,507	98.93	–0.08
Invalid votes		5,594	1.07	+0.08
Votes cast / turnout		524,101	65.37	+4.64
Abstentions		277,620	34.63	–4.64
Registered voters		801,721
Sources[10]

2016 general election

Summary of the 26 June 2016 Congress of Deputies election results in the Balearic Islands

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	163,045	35.08	+6.02	3	±0
	United We Can–More (Podemos–EUIB–Més)1	118,082	25.41	–7.03	2	±0
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	93,363	20.09	+1.78	2	±0
	Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)	67,700	14.57	–0.21	1	±0
	Sovereignty for the Isles (SI)	7,418	1.60	New	0	±0
	Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)	7,266	1.56	+0.50	0	±0
	Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)	1,644	0.35	+0.11	0	±0
	Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)	1,197	0.26	–0.21	0	±0
	Family and Life Party (PFyV)	846	0.18	+0.03	0	±0
Blank ballots		4,226	0.91	+0.08
Total		464,787			8	±0
Valid votes		464,787	99.01	–0.03
Invalid votes		4,650	0.99	+0.03
Votes cast / turnout		469,437	60.73	–2.62
Abstentions		303,502	39.27	+2.62
Registered voters		772,939
Sources[10]
Footnotes: 1 United We Can–More results are compared to the combined totals of We Can, More for the Balearic Islands and United Left–Balearic Popular Unity in the 2015 election.

2015 general election

Summary of the 20 December 2015 Congress of Deputies election results in the Balearic Islands

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	140,640	29.06	–20.53	3	–2
	We Can (Podemos)	111,628	23.07	New	2	+2
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	88,635	18.31	–10.56	2	–1
	Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)	71,551	14.78	New	1	+1
	More for the Balearic Islands (Més)1	33,877	7.00	–0.17	0	±0
	El Pi–Proposal for the Isles (El Pi)	12,910	2.67	New	0	±0
	United Left–Balearic Popular Unity (IU–UPB)	11,451	2.37	–2.57	0	±0
	Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)	5,114	1.06	+0.23	0	±0
	Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)	2,276	0.47	–3.76	0	±0
	Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)	1,177	0.24	New	0	±0
	Family and Life Party (PFyV)	714	0.15	–0.02	0	±0
Blank ballots		3,997	0.83	–0.98
Total		483,970			8	±0
Valid votes		483,970	99.04	+0.66
Invalid votes		4,696	0.96	–0.66
Votes cast / turnout		488,666	63.35	+2.39
Abstentions		282,715	36.65	–2.39
Registered voters		771,381
Sources[10]
Footnotes: 1 More for the Balearic Islands results are compared to PSM–Initiative Greens–Agreement–Equo totals in the 2011 election.

2011 general election

Summary of the 20 November 2011 Congress of Deputies election results in the Balearic Islands

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	217,327	49.59	+5.62	5	+1
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	126,512	28.87	–15.36	3	–1
	PSM–Initiative Greens–Agreement–Equo (PSM–IV–ExM–eQuo)	31,417	7.17	+1.80	0	±0
	United Left of the Balearic Islands: Plural Left (EUIB)	21,668	4.94	+2.10	0	±0
	Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)	18,525	4.23	+3.57	0	±0
	Republican Left (esquerra)	4,681	1.07	New	0	±0
	Blank Seats (EB)	4,271	0.97	New	0	±0
	Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)	3,641	0.83	+0.58	0	±0
	For a Fairer World (PUM+J)	1,093	0.25	+0.16	0	±0
	Family and Life Party (PFyV)	746	0.17	+0.11	0	±0
	Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)	450	0.10	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		7,941	1.81	+0.54
Total		438,272			8	±0
Valid votes		438,272	98.38	–0.77
Invalid votes		7,216	1.62	+0.77
Votes cast / turnout		445,488	60.96	–6.61
Abstentions		285,252	39.04	+6.61
Registered voters		730,740
Sources[10]

2008 general election

Summary of the 9 March 2008 Congress of Deputies election results in the Balearic Islands

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	209,451	44.23	+4.75	4	±0
	People's Party (PP)	208,246	43.97	–1.92	4	±0
	Unity for the Isles (UIB)1	25,454	5.37	–5.45	0	±0
	United Left–The Greens (EU–EV)	13,447	2.84	New	0	±0
	Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)	3,107	0.66	New	0	±0
	The Greens–Green Group (LV–GV)	2,098	0.44	New	0	±0
	Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)	1,173	0.25	New	0	±0
	Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB)	1,010	0.21	–0.13	0	±0
	Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)	723	0.15	New	0	±0
	For a Fairer World (PUM+J)	425	0.09	New	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)	415	0.09	New	0	±0
	Islander Party of the Balearic Islands (PIIB)	360	0.08	New	0	±0
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)	334	0.07	±0.00	0	±0
	Family and Life Party (PFyV)	284	0.06	New	0	±0
	National Democracy (DN)	250	0.05	±0.00	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	206	0.04	New	0	±0
	Workers for Democracy Coalition (TD)	159	0.03	–0.06	0	±0
	Authentic Phalanx (FA)	158	0.03	New	0	±0
	Balearic Alliance (ABA)	145	0.03	New	0	±0
	Spanish Alternative (AES)	112	0.02	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		6,026	1.27	–0.66
Total		473,583			8	±0
Valid votes		473,583	99.15	–0.14
Invalid votes		4,079	0.85	+0.14
Votes cast / turnout		477,662	67.57	–1.27
Abstentions		229,276	32.43	+1.27
Registered voters		706,938
Sources[10]
Footnotes: 1 Unity for the Isles results are compared to the combined totals of Progressives for the Balearic Islands and Majorcan Union in the 2004 election.

2004 general election

Summary of the 14 March 2004 Congress of Deputies election results in the Balearic Islands

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	215,737	45.89	–7.98	4	–1
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	185,623	39.48	+10.20	4	+2
	Progressives for the Balearic Islands (PSM–EN, EU, EV, ER)1	40,289	8.57	–4.07	0	±0
	Majorcan Union (UM)	10,558	2.25	+0.15	0	±0
	European Green Group (GVE)	2,662	0.57	New	0	±0
	Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB)	1,588	0.34	New	0	±0
	Independent Social Group (ASI)	1,237	0.26	New	0	±0
	Republican Left (IR)	825	0.18	New	0	±0
	Union of Centrists of Menorca (UCM)	751	0.16	New	0	±0
	Balearic People's Union (UPB)	411	0.09	–0.04	0	±0
	Workers for Democracy Coalition (TD)	407	0.09	–0.02	0	±0
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)2	325	0.07	+0.02	0	±0
	The Phalanx (FE)	272	0.06	±0.00	0	±0
	National Democracy (DN)	227	0.05	New	0	±0
	Republican Social Movement (MSR)	134	0.03	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		9,073	1.93	+0.44
Total		470,119			8	+1
Valid votes		470,119	99.29	–0.05
Invalid votes		3,362	0.71	+0.05
Votes cast / turnout		473,481	68.84	+7.41
Abstentions		214,353	31.16	–7.41
Registered voters		652,009
Sources[10]
Footnotes: 1 Progressives for the Balearic Islands results are compared to the combined totals of Socialist Party of Majorca–Nationalist Agreement, United Left of the Balearic Islands, The Greens of the Balearic Islands and Republican Left of Catalonia in the 2000 election. 2 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO results are compared to Independent Spanish Phalanx–Phalanx 2000 totals in the 2000 election.

2000 general election

Summary of the 12 March 2000 Congress of Deputies election results in the Balearic Islands

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	214,348	53.87	+7.46	5	+1
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party–Progressives (PSOE–p)	116,515	29.28	–6.67	2	–1
	PSM–Nationalist Agreement (PSM–EN)	23,482	5.90	+0.19	0	±0
	United Left of the Balearic Islands (EU)	15,928	4.00	–3.69	0	±0
	The Greens of the Balearic Islands (EVIB)	9,556	2.40	+0.18	0	±0
	Majorcan Union–Independents of Menorca (UM–INME)	8,372	2.10	+0.49	0	±0
	Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC)	1,340	0.34	–0.08	0	±0
	Balearic People's Union (UPB)	524	0.13	New	0	±0
	Workers for Democracy Coalition (TD)	423	0.11	+0.02	0	±0
	Centrist Union–Democratic and Social Centre (UC–CDS)	341	0.09	–0.01	0	±0
	Balearic Islands Renewal Party (PRIB)	334	0.08	New	0	±0
	Spain 2000 Platform (ES2000)	221	0.06	New	0	±0
	The Phalanx (FE)	220	0.06	New	0	±0
	Independent Spanish Phalanx–Phalanx 2000 (FEI–FE 2000)	182	0.05	New	0	±0
	Catalan State (EC)	169	0.04	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		5,943	1.49	+0.49
Total		397,898			7	±0
Valid votes		397,898	99.34	–0.08
Invalid votes		2,661	0.66	+0.08
Votes cast / turnout		400,559	61.43	–10.20
Abstentions		251,450	38.57	+10.20
Registered voters		652,009
Sources[10]

1996 general election

Summary of the 3 March 1996 Congress of Deputies election results in the Balearics

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	194,859	45.13	–1.28	4	±0
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	155,244	35.95	+1.98	3	±0
	United Left of the Balearic Islands (IU)	33,224	7.69	+1.73	0	±0
	Nationalists of the Balearic Islands (PSM–ENE)	24,644	5.71	+0.83	0	±0
	The Greens of the Balearic Islands (EVIB)	9,539	2.21	+0.04	0	±0
	Majorcan Union (UM)	6,943	1.61	–0.83	0	±0
	Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC)	1,802	0.42	–0.27	0	±0
	Centrist Union (UC)	449	0.10	–1.75	0	±0
	Republican Coalition (CR)1	384	0.09	±0.00	0	±0
	Balearic Alliance (ABA)	379	0.09	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		4,318	1.00	+0.16
Total		431,785			7	±0
Valid votes		431,785	99.42	–0.02
Invalid votes		2,503	0.58	+0.02
Votes cast / turnout		434,288	71.63	–0.93
Abstentions		172,041	28.31	+0.93
Registered voters		606,329
Sources[10]
Footnotes: 1 Republican Coalition results are compared to Coalition for a New Socialist Party totals in the 1993 election.

1993 general election

Summary of the 6 June 1993 Congress of Deputies election results in the Balearics

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	191,461	46.41	+5.75	4	+1
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	140,145	33.97	–0.51	3	±0
	United Left of the Islands (IU)	24,574	5.96	+0.87	0	±0
	Nationalists of the Balearic Islands (PSM–ENE)	20,118	4.88	+2.56	0	±0
	Majorcan, Menorcan and Pityusic Union (UMMP)	10,053	2.44	New	0	±0
	The Greens of the Balearic Islands (EVIB)	8,971	2.17	–0.37	0	±0
	Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)	7,648	1.85	–7.34	0	±0
	Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC)	2,848	0.69	New	0	±0
	Ruiz-Mateos Group–European Democratic Alliance (ARM–ADE)	1,268	0.31	–2.22	0	±0
	Natural Law Party (PLN)	550	0.13	New	0	±0
	Spanish Balearic Alternative (ABE)	416	0.10	New	0	±0
	Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR)	369	0.09	–0.04	0	±0
	Coalition for a New Socialist Party (CNPS)1	357	0.09	±0.00	0	±0
	Radical Balearic Party (PRB)	282	0.07	–0.05	0	±0
	Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)	0	0.00	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		3,485	0.84	–0.02
Total		412,545			7	+1
Valid votes		412,545	99.44	+0.61
Invalid votes		2,316	0.56	–0.61
Votes cast / turnout		414,861	72.56	+9.02
Abstentions		156,851	27.44	–9.02
Registered voters		571,712
Sources[10]
Footnotes: 1 Coalition for a New Socialist Party results are compared to Alliance for the Republic totals in the 1989 election.

1989 general election

Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in the Balearics

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)1	140,163	40.66	+6.35	3	±0
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	118,833	34.48	–5.80	3	±0
	Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)	31,671	9.19	–2.10	0	±0
	United Left (IU)	17,555	5.09	+2.76	0	±0
	The Greens–Green List (EV–LV)	8,762	2.54	New	0	±0
	Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)	8,709	2.53	New	0	±0
	Nationalist Left (PSM–ENE)	7,989	2.32	+0.11	0	±0
	Balearic Union (UB)	2,883	0.84	New	0	±0
	Workers' Socialist Party (PST)	1,621	0.47	New	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)	1,050	0.30	New	0	±0
	Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)2	772	0.22	–0.28	0	±0
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)	541	0.16	–0.15	0	±0
	Revolutionary Workers' Party of Spain (PORE)	431	0.13	–0.05	0	±0
	Balearic Radical Party (PRB)	398	0.12	New	0	±0
	Alliance for the Republic (AxR)3	327	0.09	–0.08	0	±0
	Social Democratic Coalition (CSD)	0	0.00	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		2,976	0.86	+0.14
Total		344,681			6	±0
Valid votes		344,681	98.83	+1.01
Invalid votes		4,098	1.17	–1.01
Votes cast / turnout		348,779	63.54	–2.48
Abstentions		200,160	36.46	+2.48
Registered voters		548,939
Sources[10]
Footnotes: 1 People's Party results are compared to People's Coalition totals in the 1986 election. 2 Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity results are compared to Communists' Unity Board totals in the 1986 election. 3 Alliance for the Republic results are compared to Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party totals in the 1986 election.

1986 general election

Summary of the 22 June 1986 Congress of Deputies election results in the Balearics

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	137,363	40.28	–0.17	3	±0
	People's Coalition (AP–PDP–PL)1	117,007	34.31	–3.40	3	±0
	Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)	38,510	11.29	+6.04	0	±0
	Democratic Reformist Party (PRD)	24,379	7.15	New	0	±0
	United Left (IU)2	7,942	2.33	+0.66	0	±0
	Socialist Party of Majorca–Nationalist Left (PSM–EN)	7,539	2.21	–0.21	0	±0
	Communists' Unity Board (MUC)	1,713	0.50	New	0	±0
	Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)	1,105	0.32	+0.17	0	±0
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)	1,062	0.31	+0.31	0	±0
	Republican Popular Unity (UPR)3	800	0.23	+0.10	0	±0
	Revolutionary Workers' Party of Spain (PORE)	601	0.18	New	0	±0
	Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI)	583	0.17	New	0	±0
	Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC)	0	0.00	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		2,452	0.72	+0.12
Total		341,056			6	±0
Valid votes		341,056	97.82	+2.06
Invalid votes		7,592	2.18	–2.06
Votes cast / turnout		348,648	66.02	–13.72
Abstentions		179,474	33.98	+13.72
Registered voters		528,122
Sources[10]
Footnotes: 1 People's Coalition results are compared to People's Alliance–People's Democratic Party totals in the 1982 election. 2 United Left results are compared to Communist Party of Spain totals in the 1982 election. 3 Republican Popular Unity results are compared to Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) totals in the 1982 election.

1982 general election

Summary of the 28 October 1982 Congress of Deputies election results in the Balearics

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	144,232	40.45	+11.07	3	+1
	People's Alliance–People's Democratic Party (AP–PDP)1	134,444	37.71	+28.54	3	+3
	Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)	37,148	10.42	–38.50	0	–4
	Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)	18,722	5.25	New	0	±0
	Socialist Party of Majorca–Nationalists of the Islands (PSM)	8,633	2.42	–0.92	0	±0
	Communist Party of Spain (PCE)	5,962	1.67	–3.24	0	±0
	Workers' Socialist Party (PST)	1,716	0.48	New	0	±0
	Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE)	1,178	0.33	New	0	±0
	New Force (FN)2	879	0.25	–0.80	0	±0
	Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)	518	0.15	New	0	±0
	Spanish Solidarity (SE)	509	0.14	New	0	±0
	Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))	450	0.13	New	0	±0
	Majorcan Left (EM)	0	0.00	New	0	±0
	Revolutionary Communist League (LCR)	0	0.00	–0.30	0	±0
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)	0	0.00	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		2,148	0.60	+0.22
Total		356,539			6	±0
Valid votes		356,539	95.76	+0.37
Invalid votes		15,791	4.24	–0.37
Votes cast / turnout		372,330	79.74	+10.09
Abstentions		94,579	20.26	–10.09
Registered voters		466,909
Sources[10]
Footnotes: 1 People's Alliance–People's Democratic Party results are compared to Democratic Coalition totals in the 1979 election. 2 New Force results are compared to National Union totals in the 1979 election.

1979 general election

Summary of the 1 March 1979 Congress of Deputies election results in the Balearics

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)	146,927	48.92	–2.97	4	±0
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1	88,232	29.38	+0.89	2	±0
	Democratic Coalition (CD)2	27,554	9.17	+0.14	0	±0
	Communist Party of Spain (PCE)	14,757	4.91	+0.45	0	±0
	Socialists of Majorca and Menorca (SMiM)	10,022	3.34	New	0	±0
	National Union (UN)3	3,165	1.05	+0.86	0	±0
	Party of Labour of Spain (PTE)	1,793	0.60	New	0	±0
	Workers' Communist Party (PCT)	1,544	0.51	New	0	±0
	Carlist Party (PC)	1,257	0.42	New	0	±0
	Communist Movement–Organization of Communist Left (MC–OIC)	1,179	0.39	New	0	±0
	Workers' Revolutionary Organization (ORT)4	1,070	0.36	+0.15	0	±0
	Revolutionary Communist League (LCR)	893	0.30	New	0	±0
	Union for the Freedom of Speech (ULE)	804	0.27	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		1,134	0.38	–0.04
Total		300,331			6	±0
Valid votes		300,331	95.39	–2.62
Invalid votes		14,519	4.61	+2.62
Votes cast / turnout		314,850	69.65	–9.18
Abstentions		137,211	30.35	+9.18
Registered voters		452,061
Sources[10]
Footnotes: 1 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party results are compared to the combined totals of Spanish Socialist Workers' Party and People's Socialist Party–Socialist Unity in the 1977 election. 2 Democratic Coalition results are compared to People's Alliance totals in the 1977 election. 3 National Union results are compared to José Antonio Circles totals in the 1977 election. 4 Workers' Revolutionary Organization are compared to Workers' Electoral Group totals in the 1977 election.

1977 general election

Summary of the 15 June 1977 Congress of Deputies election results in the Balearics

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)	163,536	51.89	n/a	4	n/a
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	73,554	23.34	n/a	2	n/a
	People's Alliance (AP)	28,472	9.03	n/a	0	n/a
	People's Socialist Party–Socialist Unity (PSP–US)	16,244	5.15	n/a	0	n/a
	Communist Party of Spain (PCE)	14,046	4.46	n/a	0	n/a
	Balearic Autonomist Union (UAB)	11,914	3.78	n/a	0	n/a
	Democratic Union of the Balearic Islands (UDIB)	2,946	0.93	n/a	0	n/a
	Spanish Social Reform (RSE)	1,067	0.34	n/a	0	n/a
	Democratic Left Front (FDI)	775	0.25	n/a	0	n/a
	Workers' Electoral Group (AET)	669	0.21	n/a	0	n/a
	José Antonio Circles (CJA)	613	0.19	n/a	0	n/a
Blank ballots		1,311	0.42	n/a
Total		315,147			6	n/a
Valid votes		315,147	98.01	n/a
Invalid votes		6,405	1.99	n/a
Votes cast / turnout		321,552	78.83	n/a
Abstentions		86,374	21.17	n/a
Registered voters		407,899
Sources[10]

References

1. "Real Decreto 1037/2022, de 20 de diciembre, por el que se declaran oficiales las cifras de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal referidas al 1 de enero de 2022" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (305): 178928–178933. 21 December 2022. ISSN 0212-033X.
2. Ley 1/1977, de 4 de enero, para la Reforma Política (Law 1) (in Spanish). 4 January 1977. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
3. Constitución Española (in Spanish). 29 December 1978. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
4. Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
5. Araque Conde, Pilar (8 June 2022). "El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero". Público (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
6. Real Decreto-ley 20/1977, de 18 de marzo, sobre Normas Electorales (Royal Decree-Law 20) (in Spanish). 18 March 1977. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
7. Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General (Organic Law 5) (in Spanish). 19 June 1985. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
8. Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
9. "Resolución de 30 de agosto de 2023, de la Presidencia de la Junta Electoral Central, por la que se publica el resumen de los resultados de las elecciones al Congreso de los Diputados y al Senado convocadas por Real Decreto 400/2023, de 29 de mayo, y celebradas el 23 de julio de 2023, conforme a las actas de escrutinio general y de proclamación de electos remitidas por las correspondientes Juntas Electorales Provinciales y por las Juntas Electorales de Ceuta y de Melilla" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (209): 122201–122274. 1 September 2023. ISSN 0212-033X.
10. "Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 April 2022.

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