BPM 37093
White dwarf star in the constellation Centaurus From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
White dwarf star in the constellation Centaurus From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
BPM 37093 (V886 Centauri) is a variable white dwarf star of the DAV, or ZZ Ceti, type, with a hydrogen atmosphere and an unusually high mass of approximately 1.1 times the Sun's. It is 48 light-years (15 parsecs) from Earth in the constellation Centaurus and vibrates; these pulsations cause its luminosity to vary.[3][5] Like other white dwarfs, BPM 37093 is thought to be composed primarily of carbon and oxygen, which are created by thermonuclear fusion of helium nuclei in the triple-alpha process.[8]
| Observation data Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS) | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Centaurus |
| Right ascension | 12h 38m 49.78112s[2] |
| Declination | −49° 48′ 00.2195″[2] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 14.0[3] |
| Characteristics | |
| Spectral type | DAV4.4[4] |
| Variable type | DAV (ZZ Ceti)[4] |
| Astrometry | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | −12[4] km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: -557.111 mas/yr[2] Dec.: -74.036 mas/yr[2] |
| Parallax (π) | 67.4058 ± 0.0186 mas[2] |
| Distance | 48.39 ± 0.01 ly (14.836 ± 0.004 pc) |
| Details | |
| Mass | 1.10[5] M☉ |
| Radius | 0.0057 R☉ |
| Luminosity | 0.001[6] L☉ |
| Surface gravity (log g) | 8.81 ± 0.05[7] cgs |
| Temperature | 11730 ± 350[7] K |
| Other designations | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
| ARICNS | data |
In the 1960s, it was predicted that as a white dwarf cools, its material should crystallize, starting at the center.[9] When a star pulsates, observing its pulsations gives information about its structure. BPM 37093 was first observed to be a pulsating variable in 1992,[1] and in 1995 it was pointed out that this yielded a potential test of the crystallization theory.[10] In 2004, Antonio Kanaan and a team of researchers of the Whole Earth Telescope estimated, on the basis of these asteroseismological observations, that approximately 90% of the mass of BPM 37093 had crystallized.[5][9][11][12] Other work gives a crystallized mass fraction of between 32% and 82%.[7] Any of these estimates would result in a total crystalline mass in excess of 5×1029 kilograms. As the white dwarf has a radius of 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi), this means that the core of BPM 37093, nicknamed Lucy, is likely one of the largest diamonds in the local region of the universe.[13][14]
Crystallization of the material of a white dwarf of this type is thought to result in a body-centered cubic lattice of carbon and/or oxygen nuclei, which are surrounded by a Fermi sea of electrons.[15]
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