B10 cell
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B10 cells are a sub-class of regulatory B-cells (Breg cell) that are involved in inhibiting immune responses in both humans and mice.[1][2][3] B10 cells are named for their ability to produce inhibitory interleukin: Interleukin-10 (IL-10).[4][5] One of their unique abilities is that they suppress the innate and adaptive immune signals, making them important for regulating the inflammatory response. Like the B cell, the B10 cell requires antigen specific binding to the surface of CD5 receptor to illicit a response from the T-cell. Once an antigen binds to the CD19 receptor, immediate downregulation in B-cell receptor (BCR) signal expression occurs and mediates the release of IL-10 cytokines.[3] In mice and humans, B10 cells are distinguishable in their expression of measurable IL-10 due to the lack of unique cell surface markers expressed by regulatory B cells.[1][3] However, IL-10 competence is not limited to any one subset of B cells.[3] B10 cells do not possess unique phenotypic markers or transcription factors for further identification.[6] B10 cells predominantly localize in the spleen, though they are also found in the blood, lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, intestinal tissues, central nervous system, and peritoneal cavity.[1] B10 cells proliferate during inflammatory and disease responses.[3]