Ayherre

Ayherre (French pronunciation: [ajɛʁ]; Basque: Aiherre)^[3] is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France.

Ayherre
Commune
The Pelota Court
Coat of arms
Location of Ayherre
Ayherre Show map of France Ayherre Show map of Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Coordinates: 43°23′35″N 1°15′11″W
Country	France
Region	Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Department	Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Arrondissement	Bayonne
Canton	Pays de Bidache, Amikuze et Ostibarre
Intercommunality	CA Pays Basque
Government
• Mayor (2020–2026)	Arnaud Gastambide[1]
Area 1	27.65 km2 (10.68 sq mi)
Population  (2021)[2]	1,130
• Density	41/km2 (110/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code	64086 /64240
Elevation	20–465 m (66–1,526 ft) (avg. 86 m or 282 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Geography

Ayherre is located in the Arberoue Valley in the former province of Lower Navarre some 23 km east by south-east of Bayonne and immediately east of Hasparren. Access to the commune is by the D10 road from Hasparren which passes through the west of the commune and continues north to La Bastide-Clairence. The D251 branches east off the D10 in the commune and goes to the village then continues east to Isturits. The D314 goes south-west from the village to Bonloc. The D14 from Bonloc to Saint-Esteben passes through the south of the commune. The commune is mainly farmland with scattered forests.^[4]

The commune is located in the drainage basin of the Adour with a dense network of streams covering the commune, mostly flowing north-westwards, and including the Joyeuse, which forms part of the western border of the commune. The Arbéroue rises in the south of the commune and flows north gathering many tributaries before joining the Lihoury to the north.

A Basque House

Places and hamlets

• Abarratia^[5]
• Ahounsbiscardeguy^[6]
• Aguerréa (3 places)
• Aguerréko Borda
• Ainguéroutéguia
• Andérétéguia
• Apairi^[6] or Apahiri, from Apʰara-hiri
• Apézénéa
• Apeztéguia
• Archidukénia
• Arduarria
• Arkhia
• Arramendy
• Arraydua
• Auchotéa
• Ayherregaraya
• Ballade Etcheberry
• Barné Uhartia^[6]
• Béhibidia
• Belzunce^[6]
• Berhéta
• Berhétako Borda
• Berhoa^[6]
• Bicaldéguy
• Bichartéa
• Bidartéa
• Bidegain Etchetoa
• Bidegainia
• Bildaraitz or Bildarraitz^[7]
• Bordalanda
• Buztingorria
• Celhaya
• Chapitalborda^[6]
• Chapitalia (mill)
• Chedarria
• Chelhaya
• Chocoa
• Courtaut
• Currioléko Borda
• Curutzaldéa
• Egyptoa
• Erketa
• Erregnétéa
• Errékahoua
• Errékartéa
• Espertatea
• Estekatea
• Etchartéa
• Etchébarnéko Borda
• Etchébazterréa
• Etchébéhéréa^[6]
• Etchébéhéreko Borda
• Etchéberria (2 places)
• Etcheberriko Borda
• Etchéberstia
• Etchéchouria
• Etchégaraya
• Etchégoïnéa
• Etchénika
• Etchenikako Borda
• Etchéparéa
• Etchétipia
• Etchetoa
• Eyhéra
• Ezpildéa
• Ferminéko Borda
• Fermirénéa
• Gandéramendia
• Gandéramendiko Borda
• Garralda
• Gauhetchia
• Granya
• Granyagaraya
• Haranbilléta
• Haranburua
• Haranéa
• Harréguia
• Harriéta
• Harriétako Borda
• Hastoya
• Hégoa
• Hergaitz^[6]
• Hiriartéa
• Ichuria
• Idiartéa
• Idigoïnia
• Ilharindéguia
• Ipoutsaguerria
• Irachiloa
• Irazabalia
• Iriart Urrutia
• Iribarnéa
• Iriberria
• Issouribeherea
• Jauberria (2 places)
• Jaungaztenia
• Jelossia
• Kintalénéa
• Kitendéa
• Larrégaïnia
• Larzabaléa
• Leichorrénéa
• Létouatéguia
• Lohichundéa
• Londaits^[6]
• Londaitsbehere
• Londaïtzberria
• Londaitzekoborda
• Lukua^[6]
• Lur Berry
• Manéchéka Borda
• Manéchénéa
• Mayartéguia
• Mendia
• Mendiberria
• Mendiburua
• Mendigorria^[6]
• Mendilarréa
• Menta
• Mentaberria
• Mentachiloa
• Mignotéguia
• Négutéa
• Notariaénia
• Ourriola
• Oyhana
• Oyharartéa
• Oyharitzéa
• Oyharitséko Borda
• Patindeya
• Peña
• Petchitea
• Pipitea
• Pompochénéa
• Sallaberryborda
• Sarcabaleko Borda
• Sarhigaïnéa
• Tuturrutéguia
• Uhaldéa
• Urgorria
• Urquéta
• Zabaloa
• Zabalza
• Zaliotéguia
• Zokoa

Toponymy

The commune name in basque is Aiherra^[8] or Aiherre.^[3] According to Jean-Baptiste Orpustan,^[7] the name comes from the basque ailherr ("incline"), giving the meaning "place on a slope".

The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.

Name	Spelling	Date	Source	Page	Origin	Description
Ayherre	Sancti petri de ilarre	1236	Orpustan			Village
	San Per de Aiherre	1321	Raymond	18	Camara
	ayherra	1344	Orpustan
	ayheRe	1350	Orpustan
	Ajarra	1513	Raymond	18	Pamplona
	Ahyerie	1754	Raymond	18	Collations
	Aiherre	1750	Cassini
L'Ahounbiscardéguy	L'Ahunbiscardéguy	1863	Raymond	3		Stream
Apairi	Apahiri	1863	Raymond	7		Hamlet
Aphara	Apara	1621	Raymond	7	Biscay	Farm
	Aphara	1863	Raymond	7
***Bildarraitz	beldarais	1249	Orpustan			Hamlet
	bildarays	1350	Orpustan
	bildarraiz	1413	Orpustan
	Bildariz	1513	Raymond	31	Pamplona
	Bildarraïts	1863	Raymond	31
Belzunce	Belçunze	1384	Raymond	27	Duchesne	Chateau, fief of the Kingdom of Navarre
	Belzunce	1384	Raymond	27	Duchesne
	Velçunce	1621	Raymond	27	Biscay
	Balzunze	1621	Raymond	27	Biscay
	Belsunce	1863	Raymond	27
Berhoa	Le Berho	1863	Raymond	28		Stream
Chapitalborda	Chapitel	1621	Raymond	48	Biscay	Farm
	Chapital	1863	Raymond	48
Erquéta	Erquéta	1863	Raymond	59		Hamlet
Etchebarnia	Echabarne	1435	Raymond	63	Pamplona	Farm
	Etchebarnia	1863	Raymond	63
Etchebéhère	Echevehere	1435	Raymond	63	Pamplona	Farm
	Etchebéhère	1863	Raymond	63
Hergaitz	la croix d'Ergaïts	1863	Raymond	59		Place of Pilgrimage
Londaïtz	Londayz	1621	Raymond	103	Biscay	Farm
	Londaïts	1863	Raymond	103
Lukua	Le Lucu	1863	Raymond	106		Stream
Mendigorria	Mendigorria	1621	Raymond	111	Biscay	Farm
	Mendigorry	1863	Raymond	111
La Place	La Place	1863	Raymond	135		Hamlet
L'Uhartea	L'Uhartea	1863	Raymond	170		Stream

• • • In the Middle Ages Bildarraitz was an independent area without a church but with its own council, and a half-dozen homes were ennobled in 1435. The name may be the joining of bil-, meaning "set" or "a round place", and araitz, meaning "blackthorn", "prickly", or "briar".^[7]

Sources:

• Orpustan: Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, New Basque Toponymy^[7]
• Raymond: Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, 1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. (in French)^[6]
• Cassini: Cassini Map from 1750^[9]

Origins:

• Camara: Titles of Camara of Comptos^[10]
• Pamplona: Titles of Pamplona^[11])
• Collations: Collations of the Diocese of Bayonne^[12]
• Biscay: Martin Biscay^[13]
• Duchesne: Duchesne collection volume CXIV^[14]

History

On 18 March 1450,^[15] Labourd returned to the French crown after the signing of a peace treaty at the Château of Belzunce in Ayherre which marked the end of English influence in the region. On that the representatives of Labourd made their submission and, upon payment of 2,000 gold écus secured by the retention of 10 hostages, retained their privileges.

Heraldry

Arms of Ayherre

Adopted in 2001 based on the arms of the lords of Belzunce[16] Blazon: Quarterly, 1 and 4 Gules, 2 cows of Or horned and belled Azure posed in fesse; 2 Argent, an oak eradicated proper; 3 Azure a hydra Argent with 3 heads.

Administration

The Town Hall

List of successive mayors^[17]

From	To	Name
1995	2014	Jean Paul Basterretche
2014	2026	Arnaud Gastambide

Inter-communality

The commune is part of six inter-communal structures:

• the Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque
• the AEP association of Arberoue
• the sanitation association of Adour-Ursula
• the energy association of Pyrénées-Atlantiques
• the inter-communal association for the building of a retirement home in the Arberoue Valley
• the inter-communal association for the crafts zone in Ayherre

Demography

The declaration of rights in 1749 counted 162 fires in Ayherre (130 third estate, one priest, two members of the nobility (Arcangues and Belsunce) and 29 non-owners).^[18]

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Aihertars.^[19]

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1793 1,410 —     1800 1,502 +0.91% 1806 1,500 −0.02% 1821 1,454 −0.21% 1831 1,513 +0.40% 1836 1,522 +0.12% 1841 1,607 +1.09% 1846 1,731 +1.50% 1851 1,671 −0.70% 1856 1,619 −0.63% 1861 1,507 −1.42% 1866 1,505 −0.03% 1872 1,508 +0.03% 1876 1,490 −0.30% 1881 1,392 −1.35% 1886 1,244 −2.22% 1891 1,157 −1.44% 1896 1,153 −0.07%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1901 1,193 +0.68% 1906 1,161 −0.54% 1911 1,127 −0.59% 1921 1,028 −0.92% 1926 951 −1.55% 1931 952 +0.02% 1936 1,027 +1.53% 1946 969 −0.58% 1954 854 −1.57% 1962 842 −0.18% 1968 810 −0.64% 1975 765 −0.81% 1982 812 +0.86% 1990 791 −0.33% 1999 841 +0.68% 2007 956 +1.61% 2012 992 +0.74% 2017 1,042 +0.99%
Source: EHESS[20] and INSEE[21]

Economy

The Lauak factory

Economic activity in the commune is mainly agricultural. The commune is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone of Ossau-iraty.

The Lauak company (aeronautical and aerospace industry) is located in the industrial zone of Ayherre.

The Uhagun Mill on the Aran dates to the 19th century and has been converted into a hydro-electric plant.

Culture and heritage

Chateau of Belzunce

Civil heritage

The commune has three sites that are registered as historical monuments:

• The Château de Belzunce (13th century)^[22]
• Prehistoric fortifications on Mount Abarratia^[5]
• Prehistoric fortifications (Gaztelu Zahar of three levels)^[23]

Religious heritage

The Parish Church of Saint Pierre

The Parish Church of Saint Pierre (17th century) is registered as an historical monument.^[24]

Education

The school

The commune has two primary schools: one in the town and one private school of the Immaculate Conception.

Notable people linked to the commune

• Émile Larre, born in 1926 at Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry, was a priest, chronicler, Bertsolari, writer, and French academic in the Basque language. He was an active promoter of basque traditions and particularly attached to the basque modes of expression such as the bertsolarism and Basque Pelota. He was priest of Ayherre from 1969 to 1980.

See also

• Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department

References

1. "Répertoire national des élus: les maires". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 2 December 2020.
2. "Populations légales 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
3. AIHERRE, Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia (in Spanish)
4. Google Maps
5. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00084328 Prehistoric Fortifications (in French)
6. Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011 (in French)
7. Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, New Basque Toponymy, Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2006, ISBN 2 86781 396 4 (in French)
8. Euskaltzaindia - Academy of the Basque language (Eu icon)
9. Cassini Map 1750 – Ayherre
10. Titles published by don José Yanguas y Miranda - Diccionario de Antiguedades del reino de Navarra, 1840, Pamplona (in Spanish)
11. Titles published by don José Yanguas y Miranda (in Spanish)
12. Manuscripts from the 17th and 18th centuries in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
13. Derecho de naturaleza que la merindad de San-Juan-del-pie-del-puerto, una de las seys de Navarra, tiene en Castilla, 1622 (in Spanish)
14. Duchesne Collection, volumes 99 to 114, containing the papers of Oihenart, former Imperial Librarian - Bibliothèque nationale de France
15. Philippe Veyrin, The Basques, Arthaud, 1975, ISBN 2 7003 0038 6, p. 122 (in French)
16. Arms of France
17. List of Mayors of France (in French)
18. Census cited by Manex Goyhenetche, General History of Basque Country - Vol. 3, Elkarlanean, 2001, ISBN 2 9131 5634 7, p. 282. The same work by Manex Goyhenetche indicated (page 284) that there was an average of 5.5 inhabitants per fire. (in French)
19. Pyrénées-Atlantiques, habitants.fr
20. Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Ayherre, EHESS (in French).
21. Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
22. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00084558 Chateau of Belzunce (in French)
23. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00084407 Prehistoric Fortifications (in French)
24. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000728 Parish Church of Saint Pierre (in French)

External links

• Ayherre official website (in French)
• Ayherre on the 1750 Cassini map