Arbérats-Sillègue

Arbérats-Sillègue (French pronunciation: [aʁbeʁats silɛɡ]; Basque: Arberatze-Zilhekoa)^[3] is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France.

Arbérats-Sillègue Arberatze-Zilhekoa
Commune
The Fronton at Arbérats
Coat of arms
Location of Arbérats-Sillègue
Arbérats-Sillègue Show map of France Arbérats-Sillègue Show map of Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Coordinates: 43°20′33″N 0°59′41″W
Country	France
Region	Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Department	Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Arrondissement	Bayonne
Canton	Pays de Bidache, Amikuze et Ostibarre
Intercommunality	CA Pays Basque
Government
• Mayor (2020–2026)	Sauveur Bacho[1]
Area 1	5.29 km2 (2.04 sq mi)
Population  (2021)[2]	322
• Density	61/km2 (160/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code	64034 /64120
Elevation	60–153 m (197–502 ft) (avg. 126 m or 413 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Arberaztar in Basque.^[3][4][5]

Geography

Arbérats-Sillègue is located in Mixe Country in the former Basque province of Lower Navarre, 3 km north-east of Saint-Palais and 10 km south-west of Sauveterre-de-Béarn. The D933 road from Saint-Palais to Osserain-Rivareyte in the north passes through the northern part of the commune. The D134 road passes through the east of the commune from Sussaute in the north continuing south to join the D11 road west of Domezain-Berraute. Access to the village is by country road from the western border passing through the village and going east to join the D134.^[6]

The commune is located in the Drainage basin of the Adour. The Ruisseau de Recaide forms part of the northern border flowing north-west to join the Bidouze. The Ruisseau d'Eyherachar rises north-east of the village and flows west through the commune then south forming part of the western border before joining the Bidouze just south of Aïcirits (Aïcirits-Camou-Suhast).^[6]

Historical places and hamlets

• Aguerre
• Aitciria^[7]
• Amandania
• Apezetchia
• Arbérats
• Beheitia
• Bentaberria
• Bidegorria
• Bilhagnia
• Bitenia
• Brigni
• Chibits
• Chiloa
• Chunta
• Elhorriburia
• Etcheparia
• Idiartia
• Iratzia
• Irunia
• Jemai
• Mendiburia
• Michicourt
• Mignaburia
• Osquilia
• Oxarrainia
• Oxarrainia Etchartia
• Oyhanto
• Peritcho
• Salanbeheria
• Sillègue

^[8]

Toponymy

The name of the commune in basque is Arberatze-Zilhekoa.^[3][5] Paul Raymond indicated on page 161 of his 1863 dictionary that Sillègue in Basque was Silhecoa.^[7]

Jean-Baptiste Orpustan suggested two possible origins of the name Arbérats, both from Basque: ar(r)-bera (or beratz) meaning ’fragile’ or ’friable'; or, together with the word arbel, meaning a "black stone" (slate).^[9] Brigitte Jobbé-Duval^[4] also interpreted Arbérats as place of slate.

For Sillègue Jean-Batiste Orpustan suggested the name was a blend of the Basque word zil(h)o, meaning "hole" or "depression in the terrain" and a second element leku meaning "place".^[9]

The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.

Name	Spelling	Date	Source	Page	Origin	Description
Arbérats	Arberas	1125	Orpustan			Village
	Arberatz	1150	Orpustan
	Sanctus Laurebtius de Arberaz	1160	Orpustan
	Arberas	13th century	Raymond	8	Duchesne
	Arberaz	1350	Orpustan
	Arberatz	1413	Orpustan
	Arberatz	1487	Raymond	8	Ohix
	Arberaz	1513	Raymond	8	Pamplona
	Arbezats	1793	Cassini1
	Arbezats	1801	Cassini1		Bulletin des lois
Sillègue	Sanctus Petrus de Silegue	1160	Orpustan			Village
	Sileugue	1316	Orpustan
	Silegoe	1350	Orpustan
	Silleugue	1413	Orpustan
	Silegoe	1472	Raymond	161	Notaries
	Silegoa	1513	Raymond	161	Pamplona
	Sillègue-les-Domezain	1734	Raymond	161	Regulations
	Sillegue	1793	Cassini2		Bulletin des lois
Aitciria	Ayciri de Arberatz	1487	Raymond	4	Ohix	Farm
	Aïtciry	1863	Raymond	4
Charritte	Charritte	1863	Raymond	48		Fief, vassal of the Kingdom of Navarre

Sources:

• Orpustan: Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, New Basque Toponymy^[9]
• Raymond: Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, 1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. (in French)^[7]
• Cassini1: Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Arbérats-Sillègue, EHESS (in French).
• Cassini2: Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Sillègue, EHESS (in French).

Origins:

• Duchesne: Duchesne collection volume CXIV^[10]
• Ohix:^[11]
• Pamplona: Titles of Pamplona^[12]
• Notaries: Notaries of Labastide-Villefranche^[13]
• Regulations: Regulations of the Court of Licharre

History

The village of Sillègue was merged with Arbérats on 14 April 1841.

Heraldry

Arms of Arbérats-Sillègue

Blazon: Gules, ten escallops Argent arranged in pale 3, 4, and 3.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors^[14]

From	To	Name
1995	2001	Jacques Sallenave
2001	2026	Sauveur Arnaud Bacho

Inter-communality

The commune belongs to five inter-communal structures:^[15]

• the Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque;
• the energy syndicate of Pyrénées-Atlantiques;
• the Inter-communal association for the functioning of schools in Amikuze;
• the Syndicat Elgarrekin Ikas;
• the Agence publique de gestion locale.

Demography

In 1350 there were 13 fires in Arbérats and 6 in Sillègue.^[16]

The fiscal census^[17] of 1412–1413, made^[18] on the orders of Charles III of Navarre, compared with that of 1551 "of men and weapons that are in this Kingdom of Navarre below the ports"^[19] reveals a demography with strong growth. The first indicated the presence at Arbérats of 7 fires, the second of 26 (24 + 2 secondary fires). The same for Sillègue: the 1412 census reported 5 fires and that of 1551 22 fires (20 + 2 secondary fires).

The census of the population of Lower Navarre in 1695^[20] showed 40 fires at Arbérats and 20 at Sillègues.

In 2017 the commune had 257 inhabitants. Although from 1793 to 1836 Arbérats and Sillègue were separate communes, the total population for both communes is shown in the table and graph below.

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1793 293 —     1800 328 +1.63% 1806 315 −0.67% 1821 312 −0.06% 1831 321 +0.28% 1836 371 +2.94% 1841 351 −1.10% 1846 314 −2.20% 1851 320 +0.38% 1856 308 −0.76% 1861 271 −2.53% 1866 251 −1.52% 1872 262 +0.72% 1876 251 −1.07% 1881 268 +1.32% 1886 248 −1.54% 1891 233 −1.24% 1896 231 −0.17%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1901 242 +0.93% 1906 259 +1.37% 1911 242 −1.35% 1921 228 −0.59% 1926 226 −0.18% 1931 230 +0.35% 1936 233 +0.26% 1946 235 +0.09% 1954 196 −2.24% 1962 184 −0.79% 1968 175 −0.83% 1975 177 +0.16% 1982 198 +1.61% 1990 222 +1.44% 1999 270 +2.20% 2007 322 +2.23% 2012 296 −1.67% 2017 257 −2.79%
Source: EHESS[21][22] and INSEE[23]

Economy

The commune is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée of Ossau-iraty.

Culture and Heritage

According to the Map of the Seven Basque Provinces published in 1863 by Prince Louis-Lucien Bonaparte the Basque dialect spoken in Arbérats-Sillègue is western lower-navarrese.

Religious heritage

The Church of Saint-Laurent (1615) is registered as an historical monument.^[24]

Facilities

Fronton at Arbérats

Education

The commune has an elementary school

Festivals

The commune has a festival hall located in the centre of the village. The original building was a school and has been completely renovated.

Sports

As it was only equipped with a left wall, Arbérats-Sillègue in 2007 opened a new fronton with toilets and a Pétanque area. There is also a football field in the same complex.

Leisure

A pit dating to Roman times has been converted to a leisure park.

See also

• Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department

References

1. "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.
2. "Populations légales 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
3. ARBERATZE-ZILHEKOA, Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia (in Spanish)
4. Brigitte Jobbé-Duval, Dictionary of place names - Pyrénées-Atlantiques, 2009, Archives and Culture, ISBN 978-2-35077-151-9 (in French)
5. Euskaltzaindia - Academy of the Basque language (Basque)
6. Google Maps
7. Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011 (in French)
8. Géoportail, IGN (in French)
9. Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, New Basque Toponymy, Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2006, ISBN 2 86781 396 4 (in French)
10. Duchesne Collection, volumes 99 to 114, containing the papers of Oihenart, former Imperial Librarian - Bibliothèque nationale de France
11. Contracts retained by Ohix, Notary of Soule, Manuscripts from the 15th century in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
12. Titles published by don José Yanguas y Miranda (in Spanish)
13. Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)
14. List of Mayors of France
15. Recherche de groupements, BANATIC, consulted on 2 September 2020 (in French)
16. Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, Collective work, Amikuze - Mixe Country, Éditions Izpegi, 1992, ISBN 2 909262 05 7, p. 77 (in French)
17. Census cited by Manex Goyhenetche in his General History of Basque country - Vol. 3, Elkarlanean, 2001, ISBN 2 9131 5634 7, p. 26. The same work by Manex Goyhenetche indicated on p. 284 that it counted an average of 5.5 people per fire.
18. Transcribed and published by Ricardo Cierbide, Censos de población de la Baja Navarra, Max Niemeyer Verlag, Tübingen, 1993 (in Spanish)
19. Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, E 575, transcribed by Louis Baratchart in The Friends of old Navarre, January 1995, pages 44-54 (in French)
20. Bibliothèque nationale, 6956, Moreau Register 979, cited by Manex Goyhenetche in his General History of Basque country - Vol. 3, Elkarlanean, 2001, ISBN 2 9131 5634 7, page 299. (in French)
21. Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Arbérats-Sillègue, EHESS (in French).
22. Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Sillègue, EHESS (in French).
23. Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
24. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA64000683 Church of Saint-Laurent (in French)

External links

• Arbérats-Sillègue on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website (in French)
• Arberats and Sillegue on the 1750 Cassini Map