Amoxicillin
Beta-lactam antibiotic / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Amoxicillin is an antibiotic medication belonging to the aminopenicillin class of the penicillin family. The drug is used to treat bacterial infections[8] such as middle ear infection, strep throat, pneumonia, skin infections, odontogenic infections, and urinary tract infections.[8] It is taken by mouth, or less commonly by injection.[8][9]
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Pronunciation | /əˌmɒksɪˈsɪlɪn/ |
Trade names | Amoxil, Trimox, others[1] |
Other names | Amoxycillin, amox, Amoxycillin (AAN AU) |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a685001 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, intravenous |
Drug class | β-lactam antibiotic, aminopenicillin |
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Bioavailability | 95% by mouth |
Metabolism | less than 30% biotransformed in liver |
Elimination half-life | 61.3 minutes |
Excretion | Kidneys |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.043.625 |
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Formula | C16H19N3O5S |
Molar mass | 365.40 g·mol−1 |
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Density | 1.6±0.1 [7] g/cm3 |
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Common adverse effects include nausea and rash.[8] It may also increase the risk of yeast infections and, when used in combination with clavulanic acid, diarrhea.[10] It should not be used in those who are allergic to penicillin.[8] While usable in those with kidney problems, the dose may need to be decreased.[8] Its use in pregnancy and breastfeeding does not appear to be harmful.[8] Amoxicillin is in the β-lactam family of antibiotics.[8]
Amoxicillin was discovered in 1958 and came into medical use in 1972.[11][12] Amoxil was approved for medical use in the United States in 1974,[4][5] and in the United Kingdom in 1977.[2] It is on the (WHO) World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[13][14] It is one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in children.[15] Amoxicillin is available as a generic medication.[8] In 2021, it was the 38th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 16 million prescriptions.[16][17]