Abū Dāwūd (Dā’ūd) Sulaymān ibn al-Ash‘ath ibn Isḥāq al-Azdī al-Sijistānī (Arabic: أبو داود سليمان بن الأشعث الأزدي السجستاني), commonly known as Abū Dāwūd al-Sijistānī, was a scholar of prophetic hadith who compiled the third of the six "canonical" hadith collections recognized by Sunni Muslims, the Sunan Abu Dāwūd.
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A Persian of Arab descent,[4] Abū Dā’ūd was born in Sistan and died in 889 in Basra. He travelled widely collecting ḥadīth (traditions) from scholars in numerous locations including Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Hijaz, Tihamah, Nishapur and Merv. His focus on legal ḥadīth arose from a particular interest in fiqh (law). His collection included 4,800 ḥadīth, selected from some 500,000. His son, Abū Bakr ‘Abd Allāh ibn Abī Dā’ūd (died 928/929), was a well known ḥāfiẓ and author of Kitāb al-Masābīh, whose famous pupil was Abū 'Abd Allāh al-Marzubānī.
Imam Abu Dawud was a follower of Hanbali although some have considered him Shafi'i.[7]
Imam Abu Dawud has stated: "From this book of mine four Hadith are sufficient for an intelligent and insightful person.[8] They are:
- Deeds are to be judged only by intentions.[9]
- Part of a man's good observance of Islam is that he leaves alone that which does not concern him.
- None of you can be a believer unless you love for your brother that which you love for yourself.
- The permitted (halal) is clear, and the forbidden (haram) is clear, between these two are doubtful matters. Whosoever abstains from these doubtful matters has saved his religion."
Principal among his twenty-one works are:
- Sunan Abu Dāwūd: contains 4,800 hadith – mostly sahih (authenticated), some marked ḍaʿīf (unauthenticated) – usually numbered after the edition of Muhammad Muhyi al-Din `Abd al-Hamid (Cairo: Matba`at Mustafa Muhammad, 1354 AH/1935 CE), where 5,274 are distinguished. Islamic scholar Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, and some others, believe a number of the unmarked hadith are ḍaʿīf.
- Kitab al-Marāsīl lists 600 extensively investigated sahih mursal hadith.
- Risālat Abu Dāwūd ilā Ahli Makkah: letter to the people of Makkah describing his Sunan Abu Dāwūd collection.[10]
El Shamsy, Ahmed (2013). "Chapter 8: Canonization beyond the Shafi'i School". The Canonization of Islamic Law: A Social and Intellectual History. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 197. ISBN 978-1-107-04148-6. Al-Buwayti... enjoyed the trust of traditionalist scholars such as Abu Dawud al-Sijistani and al-Humaydı as well as Ahmad b. Hanbal himself..
Melchert, Christopher (1997). "Chapter 8: The Maliki School". The Formation of the Sunni Schools of Law, 9th-10th Centuries C.E. Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Publishers. pp. 165–166. ISBN 90-04-10952-8. the later Iraqi traditionalist Abu Dawud says not only that he was weak..
Al-Bastawī, ʻAbd al-ʻAlīm ʻAbd al-ʻAẓīm (1990). Al-Imām al-Jūzajānī wa-manhajuhu fi al-jarḥ wa-al-taʻdīl. Maktabat Dār al-Ṭaḥāwī. p. 9.
Frye, R. N.; Fisher, William Bayne; Frye, Richard Nelson; Avery, Peter; Boyle, John Andrew; Gershevitch, Ilya; Jackson, Peter (1975-06-26). The Cambridge History of Iran. Cambridge University Press. p. 471. ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6. Archived from the original on 2022-07-08. Retrieved 2020-10-01. Abu Da'ud Sulaiman b. Ash'ath al-Sijistani, a Persian but of Arab descent, who died in 275/888-9.
Shahih Al Bukhari, Imam Al Bukthari, Vol.1 Book 1 Hadith 1
- Abderrazzaq, Mohammad A. (2009). "Sijistānī, Abū Dāʿūd al-.". In Esposito, John L. (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530513-5.
- Bowker, John (2000). "Abū Dāwūd al-Sijistānī". The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280094-7.
- Esposito, John L., ed. (2003). "Sijistani, Abu Daud al-". The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-512558-0.
- Melchert, Christopher (2007). "Abū Dāwūd al-Sijistānī". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.
- Melchert, Christopher (2008). "The Life and Works of Abu Dāwūd al-Sijistāni". Al-Qantara. 29 (1): 9–44. doi:10.3989/alqantara.2008.v29.i1.48.
- Pakatchi, Ahmad; Khodaverdian, Shahram (2008). "Abū Dāwūd al-Sijistānī". In Madelung, Wilferd; Daftary, Farhad (eds.). Encyclopaedia Islamica Online. Brill Online. ISSN 1875-9831.
- Robson, James (1952). "The Transmission of Abū Dāwūd's 'Sunan'". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 14 (3): 579–588.
- Robson, J. (1960). "Abū Dāʾūd al-Sid̲j̲istānī". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. OCLC 495469456.
- Thomas, David (24 March 2010). "Abū Dāwūd Sulaymān ibn al-Ashʿath al-Sijistānī". In Thomas, David (ed.). Christian-Muslim Relations 600 – 1500. Brill Online.
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