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Soviet 122 mm self-propelled howitzer From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The 2S1 Gvozdika (Russian: 2С1 «Гвоздика», "Carnation") is a Soviet self-propelled howitzer introduced in 1972 and is in service in Russia and other countries as of 2024[update]. It is based on the MT-LBu multi-purpose chassis, mounting a 122 mm 2A18 howitzer. "2S1" is its GRAU designation. An alternative Russian designation is SAU-122, but in the Russian Army it is commonly known as Gvozdika. The 2S1 is fully amphibious with very little preparation, and once afloat is propelled by its tracks. A variety of track widths are available to allow the 2S1 to operate in snow or swamp conditions. It is NBC protected and has infrared night-vision capability.
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2S1 (SAU-122) | |
---|---|
Type | Self-propelled artillery |
Place of origin | Soviet Union |
Service history | |
In service | 1972–present |
Used by | see Operators |
Wars | Soviet–Afghan War Iran–Iraq War Gulf War War in Abkhazia (1992–1993) Yugoslav Wars First Chechen War Second Chechen War Iraq War Russo-Georgian War First Libyan Civil War Second Libyan Civil War Syrian Civil War Russo-Ukrainian War Second Nagorno-Karabakh war Tigray War |
Production history | |
Designer | Kharkiv Tractor Plant |
Designed | 1956–1961 |
Produced | 1971–1991 |
No. built | 10,000+ |
Variants | see Variants |
Specifications | |
Mass | 16 t (16 long tons; 18 short tons) |
Length | 7.26 m (23 ft 10 in) |
Barrel length | 4.27 m (14 ft 0 in)[1] |
Width | 2.85 m (9 ft 4 in) |
Height | 2.73 m (8 ft 11 in) |
Crew | 4 |
Shell | 122 x 447mm .R separate loading, cased charge |
Caliber | 122 mm (4.8 in) |
Breech | Horizontal sliding-wedge, semi-automatic |
Elevation | -3 to +70 degrees |
Traverse | 360 degrees |
Rate of fire | Maximum: 5 rpm Sustained: 1–2 rpm |
Muzzle velocity | 680 m/s (2,200 ft/s) |
Maximum firing range | Conventional: 15.3 km (9.5 mi) Extended: 21.9 km (13.6 mi) |
Armor | 7–20 mm (0.28–0.79 in) |
Main armament | 2A18 122 mm (4.8 in) howitzer |
Engine | YaMZ-238N diesel 220 kW (300 hp) |
Suspension | torsion bar |
Operational range | 500 km (310 mi) |
Maximum speed | Road: 60 km/h (37 mph) Off-road: 30 km/h (19 mph) Swim: 4.5 km/h (2.8 mph) |
The 2S1 was developed in Kharkiv, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. It has seven road wheels on each side; the running gear can be fitted with different widths of track to match terrain. The interior is separated into a driver's compartment on the left, an engine compartment on the right and a fighting compartment to the rear. Within the fighting compartment the commander sits on the left, the loader on the right and the gunner to the front. The all-welded turret is located above the fighting compartment. The 2S1 uses a 122 mm howitzer based on the towed D-30 howitzer. The gun is equipped with a power rammer, a double-baffle muzzle brake and a fume extractor. It is capable of firing HE (high explosive), leaflet, HE/RAP, armor-piercing HE, flechette and chemical rounds.[2]
The first prototype was ready in 1958. The 2S1 entered service with the Soviet Army in the early 1970s and was first seen in public at a Polish Army parade in 1974. The vehicle was deployed in large numbers (72 per tank division, 36 per motorized rifle division). It was designated the M1974 by the U.S. Army and manufactured in Soviet, Polish and Bulgarian state factories.
The 2S1 Gvozdika, and other related vehicles such as the MT-LB and Opal, were produced in Poland by Huta Stalowa Wola under the name 2S1 Goździk.
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