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Overview of the events of 2009 in paleontology From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2009.
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Three new species of extinct Octopoda discovered in 2009. The species – Keuppia hyperbolaris, Keuppia levante, and Styletoctopus annae – lived about 95 million years ago, and bear a strong resemblance to modern octopuses, suggesting that the Octopoda order has remained relatively unchanged for tens of millions of years. The fossils included evidence of arms, muscles, rows of suckers, ink, and internal gills. The discovery was made by a team led by Dirk Fuchs of the Freie University, which is located at Berlin, Germany.[2] The fossils were found at Hakel and Hadjoula, Lebanon.[3] Various new ammonoid taxa were named, including Ivoites.
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Fuchs, Bracchi, & Weis |
Upper Cenomanian |
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gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Fuchs, Bracchi, & Weis |
Upper Cenomanian |
|||||
Ivoites[5] |
gen nov |
Valid |
De Baets, Klug, & Korn |
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Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Wang et al. |
Late Permian |
Fangshankou Formation |
A member of Hybodontoidea. Genus includes new species G. tungshengi. |
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Papilionichthys[7] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
|
A member of Iniopterygidae. The type species is P. stahlae. |
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Rainerichthys[7] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
|
A member of Iniopterygidae. The type species is R. zangerli. |
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Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aphanius yerevanicus[8] |
Valid |
|
Late Miocene |
A pupfish, a species of Aphanius. | |||
Carpathoserranoides[9] |
Valid |
|
A member of Percoidei. The type species is C. brnoensis; genus also includes C. polonicus. | ||||
Caucasoserranoides[9] |
Valid |
|
A member of Percoidei. The type species is C. morozkiensis. | ||||
Eophryne[10] |
Valid |
|
Eocene (late Ypresian) |
Monte Bolca locality |
A frogfish. The type species is Eophryne barbutii. | ||
Gogosardina[11] |
Valid |
|
Late Devonian |
An early ray-finned fish. Genus includes new species G. coatesi. | |||
Heddleichthys[12] |
Valid |
|
Famennian (Late Devonian) |
Dura Den Formation |
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Hendrixella[13] |
Valid |
|
Eocene (late Ypresian) |
Monte Bolca locality |
A member of Percoidei of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Hendrixella grandei. | ||
Langlieria[14] |
Valid |
|
Famennian (Late Devonian) |
Evieux Formation |
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Oligoserranoides[9] |
Valid |
|
Abkhazia |
A member of Percoidei. The type species is "Smerdis" budensis Heckel (1856); genus also includes "Serranus" comparabilis Daniltshenko (1960). | |||
Ridewoodichthys[15] |
Valid |
|
Early Paleocene |
An arowana; a new genus for "Brychaetus" caheni Taverne (1969). | |||
Ungarnia[9] |
Valid |
|
A member of Percoidei. The type species is "Serranus" transsylvanicus Bohm (1942). | ||||
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid |
|
Late Carboniferous |
|||||
Valid |
|
Lower Cretaceous |
Possible stem neobatrachian |
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Valid |
|
Lower Cretaceous |
A hyloid | ||||
Valid |
|
The smallest known ostodolepid microsaur | |||||
Valid |
|
Turonian |
|||||
Valid |
|
Early Cretaceous |
A cryptobranchoid salamander | ||||
Valid |
|
Early Permian |
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Name | Status | Authors | Discovery year | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid |
|
A basal parareptile | ||||||
Valid |
|
early Late Olenekian |
Czatkowice 1 |
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Name | Status | Authors | Discovery year | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid |
|
Turonian (Late Cretaceous) |
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Valid |
|
Late Cretaceous |
||||||
Valid |
|
Late Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous |
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Valid |
|
Paleocene |
USA |
New genus for "Plesiobaena" putorius Gaffney, 1972 | ||||
Valid |
|
Holocene |
A tortoise. | |||||
Valid |
|
A basal member of Testudinata. The type species is C. tenertesta. The genus Chinlechelys was considered to be a junior synonym of the genus Proganochelys by Joyce (2017), though the author maintained C. tenertesta as a distinct species within the latter genus.[30] | ||||||
Junior synonym |
|
Early Paleocene |
USA |
Junior synonym of Hutchemys.[32] | ||||
Valid |
|
Middle Jurassic |
||||||
Valid |
|
Paleocene |
USA |
A plastomenine softshell turtles | ||||
Valid |
Late Cretaceous |
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Valid |
|
Maastrichtian |
USA |
A baenid | ||||
Valid |
|
Late Cretaceous |
USA |
A baenid | ||||
Junior synonym |
|
Early Paleocene |
USA |
Junior synonym of Hutchemys.[32] | ||||
Newly named basal archosauromorphs | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
Valid |
|
earliest Late Olenekian |
Czatkowice 1 |
A long−necked archosauromorph |
|||
Newly named basal lepidosauromorphs | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
Valid |
Early Olenekian |
Czatkowice 1 |
A basal kuehneosaurid |
||||
Valid |
|
earliest Late Olenekian |
Czatkowice 1 |
A basal lepidosauromorph | |||
Newly named plesiosaurs | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
Valid |
|
Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) |
|||||
Valid |
|
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
Replacement name for Nichollsia Druckenmiller & Russell, 2008, preoccupied by an isopod genus Nichollsia Chopra & Tiwari, 1950 |
||||
Disputed |
|
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A member of Polycotylidae. The type species is R. singularis. | ||||
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Schulp, Bardet & Bouya |
A mosasaur. |
|||||
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Head et al. |
Paleocene |
Cerrejón Formation |
In February, the fossils of 28 individual T. cerrejonensis (Titanoboas) were announced to have been found in the coal mines of Cerrejón, La Guajira, Colombia.[45] |
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Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid |
|
Middle Triassic (Ladinian) |
|||||
Valid |
|
Middle Permian (Roadian) |
|||||
Valid |
|
Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) |
A study noting the effects of the KT mass extinction on Earth's modern biota is published.[52]
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