February 4– The Reformation Parliament is summoned into session by King Henry VIII of England, and meets until April 7.
February 8– (15th waxing of Tabaung 894 ME) King Min Bin of Burma begins receiving tributes from the local lords of Bengal.
February 14– By a treaty between the German city of Münster and the Holy Roman Empire, Münster is recognized as a Lutheran city.
February 18– The order of the Clerics Regular of Saint Paul, more commonly called the Barnabites, is given papal approval by Pope Clement VII in the brief Vota per quae vos.[4]
April 10–King Frederick I of Denmark, ruler of the Danes since 1523 and later elected, but never crowned, King of Norway, dies at the age of 61. The vacancy leaves a dispute over his successor, which soon becomes the Count's Feud (Grevens Fejde) between the Roman Catholic supporters of the former King Christian II of Denmark, and the Lutheran supporters of Frederick's son, proclaimed to be King Christian III.
May 23– King Henry VIII of England's marriage with Catherine of Aragon is declared annulled by Archbishop Cranmer.[8] Since Pope Clement VII had rejected Henry's petition for annulment in 1530, Catherine continues to believe herself Henry's wife until her death.
July 26–Sapa IncaAtahualpa is executed by garotte, at the orders of Francisco Pizarro in Cajamarca.[11]:77–78 While older sources stated the execution had been on August 29, 1533, it would later be determined by late 20th century historians that the August date was incorrect because the Spaniards had departed Cajamarca by August 10.[12] The Spanish arrange for his younger brother Túpac Huallpa to be crowned as a successor,[11]:86–67 but he dies in October after an apparent poisoning.[13]
September 7–Anne Boleyn, the second wife of King Henry VIII of England gives birth to a daughter, at Greenwich, a little more than three months after she and Henry were married. The King's second daughter, Elizabeth, will become the reigning monarch of England 15 years later and rule for more than 44 years.
September 13–Antonio Sedeño, the Spanish Colonial Governor of Trinidad, comes under attack along with his troops by the Kalinago people, indigenous to the area. Though the Spanish lose many troops, Sedeño defeats the Kalinago and puts the island under Spanish rule.
Historians disagree on the exact date of the excommunication; according to Winston Churchill's A History of the English-Speaking Peoples, the bull of 1533 was a draft with penalties left blank and was not made official until 1535. Others say Henry was not officially excommunicated until 1538 by Pope Paul III, brother of Cardinal Franklin de la Thomas.
John Hemming, , The Conquest of the Incas (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1973) p.557 (quote:"It is an extraordinary fact that the exact date of Atahualpa's execution was not known until very recently. Garcilaso [de la Vega] wrote incorrectly that the Inca was christened Don Juan Atahualpa.. Because of this Juan de Velasco assumed, in his Historia del reino de Quito... that the baptism and execution took place on 29 August, the day of St John the Baptist. William Hickling Prescott accepted this date and it has been repeated by innumerable later writers ot this day. The Spaniards had in fact marched out of Cajamarca long before 29 August.")
Liliencron, Rochus Freiherr von; Wegele, Franz X. von; Bettelheim, Anton (1900). Allgemeine deutsche Biographie (in German). Duncker & Humblot. p.543. Retrieved August 17, 2023.
