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The 1120s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1120, and ended on December 31, 1129.
1120
By place
Byzantine Empire
- Siege of Sozopolis: Byzantine forces under Emperor John II Komnenos conquer Sozopolis in Pisidia, from the Sultanate of Rum. The Seljuk garrison is defeated while they are trapped between the Byzantine cavalry and the army (who is besieging the fortress).[1]
Levant
- January 16 – Council of Nablus: King Baldwin II and Patriarch Warmund convenes an assembly at Nablus – establishing the earliest surviving written laws of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. The prelates and noblemen who attend the meeting confirm the clergy's right to collect the tithe and to bear arms "in the cause of defense".[2]
- Baldwin II grants the Knights Templar under Hugues de Payens and Godfrey de Saint-Omer a headquarters in a wing of the royal palace on the Temple Mount in the captured Al-Aqsa Mosque in the Old City of Jerusalem.
- Summer – Baldwin II leads a expedition to Antioch to defend the northern Crusader states. He signs a 1-year truce with Ilghazi, Artuqid ruler of Mardin, securing the possession of Kafartab and other fortresses in Syria.[3]
Europe
- June 17 – Battle of Cutanda: The combined forces of Aragon and Navarre under King Alfonso the Battler crush the Almoravid army near Calamocha. Alfonso recaptures the fortified towns of Calatayud and Daroca.[4]
- The Almoravid fleet under Admirals Abu Abd Allah ibn Maymum of Almeria, and Isa ibn Maymum of Sevilla attacks the coastline of the Christian Kingdom of Galicia.[5][page needed]
- Freiburg is founded by Conrad I and his elder brother, Duke Berthold III of Zähringen, as a free market town.
England
- King Henry I gives a portion of the Stoneleigh estate (located in Warwickshire) to Geoffrey de Clinton, his chamberlain and treasurer. He builds a motte and bailey castle and forms a lake to provide better defences.
- November 25 – The White Ship is sunk in the English Channel, off Barfleur. Henry I's only legitimate son, William Adelin, is among 300 (many of them Anglo-Norman nobility) who drown.
- The Pseudo-Ingulf's Croyland Chronicle records Cornwall, as a nation distinct from England.
Asia
- Fang La, a Chinese rebel leader, leads an uprising against the Song Dynasty in Qixian Village (modern-day Zhejiang) in southeast China. He raises an army and captures Hangzhou.
- August – September (the eighth month of the Chinese calendar) – Wanyan Xiyin, a Jurchen nobleman and minister, completes the design of the first version of the Jurchen script.
- The flourishing south Chinese coastal city of Quanzhou claims a population of 500,000 citizens, including the hinterland.[6]
By topic
Religion
- Order of Premonstratensians founded by Norbert of Xanten at Prémontré in Picardy.
- Bishop Urban begins the construction on Llandaff Cathedral in Wales.
Science
- Walcher of Malvern, an English astronomer and mathematician, creates a system of measurement for the Earth using degrees, minutes and seconds of latitude and longitude.
1120
- Alfonso of Capua, Italo-Norman nobleman (d. 1144)
- Arnold I of Vaucourt, archbishop of Trier (d. 1183)
- Frederick II of Berg, archbishop of Cologne (d. 1158)
- Fujiwara no Yorinaga, Japanese statesman (d. 1156)
- Gonçalo Mendes de Sousa, Portuguese nobleman (d. 1190)
- Ioveta of Bethany, princess and daughter of Baldwin II
- Jaksa Gryfita, Polish nobleman and knight (d. 1176)
- Judah ben Saul ibn Tibbon, Arab-Jewish translator
- Louis VII (le Jeune), king of France (d. 1180)
- Philip of Milly, French nobleman and knight (d. 1171)
- Rainald of Dassel, archbishop of Cologne (d. 1167)
- Roger de Mowbray, English nobleman (d. 1188)
- Urban III, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1187)
- William I ("the Wicked"), king of Sicily (d. 1166)
- Zhao Boju, Chinese landscape painter (d. 1182)
1121
- Ascelina, French Cistercian nun and mystic (d. 1195)
- Chōgen, Japanese Buddhist monk (kanjin) (d. 1206)
- Henry of France, archbishop of Reims (d. 1175)
- Joscelin of Louvain, Flemish nobleman (d. 1180)
- Kojijū, Japanese noblewoman and poet (d. 1202)
1122
- February 24 – Wanyan Liang, Chinese emperor (d. 1161)[citation needed]
- date unknown
- Frederick I (Barbarossa), Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1190)[57]
- Fujiwara no Kiyoko, Japanese empress consort (d. 1182)[58]
- Ibn Hubal, Arab physician and scientist (approximate date)[59]
- Isaac ben Abba Mari, French Jewish rabbi (approximate date)[citation needed]
- Jayavarman VII, Cambodian ruler of the Khmer Empire (d. 1218))[60]
1123
- March 29 – Shi Zong (or Wulu), Chinese emperor (d. 1189)
- Minamoto no Yoshitomo, Japanese general (d. 1160)
- Osbern of Gloucester, English lexicographer (d. 1200)
- Parakramabahu I, Sri Lankan king of Polonnaruwa (d. 1186)
- Robert I (the Great), count of Dreux (approximate date)
1124
- Ottokar III of Styria, Margrave (d. 1164)[61]
- Possible date – Eleanor of Aquitaine, Duchess of Aquitaine, queen consort successively of France and England, and patron of the arts (d. 1204)[62][63][64]
1125
- October 17 – Lu You, Chinese poet and writer (d. 1209)
- date unknown
- Abraham ben David, French rabbi (approximate date)
- Baldwin of Forde, English archbishop (approximate date)
- Bolesław IV (the Curly), duke of Poland (approximate date)
- Chueang, Thai ruler of the Ngoenyang Kingdom (d. 1192)
- Eystein II (Haraldsson), king of Norway (approximate date)
- Fernando Rodríguez de Castro, Spanish nobleman (d. 1185)
- Giovanni de Surdis Cacciafronte, Italian bishop (d. 1184)
- Guigues V, count of Albon and Grenoble (approximate date)
- Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani, Persian historian and writer (d. 1201)
- Matilda of Savoy, queen consort of Portugal (d. 1157)
- Otto II (the Rich), margrave of Meissen (d. 1190)
- Reginald of Châtillon, French nobleman (d. 1187)
- William de Vesci, Norman High Sheriff (d. 1184)
- William of Æbelholt, French churchman (d. 1203)
1126
- Abu Madyan, Andalusian mystic and Sufi master (d. 1198)
- Averroes ibn Rushd, Andalusian judge and physician (d. 1198)
- Eynion de Tilston, Norman knight and lord of Tilston (approximate date)
- Fan Chengda, Chinese politician, poet and geographer (d. 1193)
- Michael the Syrian ("the Great"), Syriac patriarch (d. 1199)
- Mieszko III the Old, duke of Greater Poland (d. 1202)
- Muneko, Japanese princess and empress (d. 1189)
- Peter I of Courtenay, French nobleman (d. 1183)
- Sibylla of Burgundy, queen of Sicily (d. 1150)
- Sviatoslav III, Grand Prince of Kiev (d. 1194)
- Taira no Tokiko, Japanese Buddhist nun (d. 1185)
1127
- April 16 – Felix of Valois, French nobleman and hermit (d. 1212)
- May 23 – Uijong, Korean ruler of Goryeo (d. 1173)
- July 23 – Zhao Fu, emperor of the Song Dynasty (d. 1129)
- October 18 – Go-Shirakawa, Japanese emperor (d. 1192)
- October 29 – Yang Wanli, Chinese politician and poet (d. 1206)
- November 27 – Emperor Xiaozong of Song, Chinese emperor (d. 1194)
- December – Henry I ("the Liberal"), count of Champagne (d. 1181)
- Bolesław I the Tall, duke of Wrocław (d. 1201)
- Approximate date – Julian of Cuenca, Spanish bishop
1128 (many dates approximate)
- March 18 – Stephen of Tournai, French bishop (d. 1203)
- Absalon, Danish archbishop and statesman (d. 1201)
- Adolf II, count of Schauenburg and Holstein (d. 1164)
- Alain de Lille, French theologian and poet (approximate date)
- Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid, Arab theologian (d. 1215)
- Constance of Hauteville, princess of Antioch (d. 1163)
- John Doukas Komnenos, Byzantine governor (d. 1176)
- John Kontostephanos, Byzantine aristocrat
- Lorcán Ua Tuathail, Irish archbishop of Dublin (d. 1180)
- Ludwig II ("the Iron"), landgrave of Thuringia (d. 1172)
- Muhammad II ibn Mahmud, Seljuk sultan (d. 1159)
- Ruzbihan Baqli, Persian poet and mystic (d. 1209)
- Taira no Norimori, Japanese nobleman (suicide 1185)
1129
- Abu al-Abbas as-Sabti, Moroccan Sufi writer (d. 1204)
- Date Tomomune, Japanese nobleman and samurai (d. 1199)
- Elisabeth of Schönau, German Benedictine abbess (d. 1164)
- Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony and Bavaria (d. 1195)
- Theophanes Kerameus, bishop of Rossano (d. 1152)
1120
- September 3 – Blessed Gerard, founder of the Knights Hospitaller
- September 24 – Welf II ("the Fat"), duke of Bavaria (b. 1072)
- November 25
- Matilda FitzRoy, countess and daughter of Henry I
- Ralph of Pont-Echanfray, Norman knight (b. 1070)
- Richard d'Avranches, 2nd Earl of Chester (b. 1094)
- William Adelin, duke and son of Henry I (b. 1103)
- Adelaide, countess of Vermandois and Valois (or 1124)
- Afridun I (the Martyr), ruler (shah) of Shirvan (b. 1046)
- Eudo Dapifer (or FitzHerbert), Norman nobleman
- Fujiwara no Atsutaka, Japanese nobleman and poet
- Fujiwara no Sadazane, Japanese calligrapher (b. 1076)
- Ingegerd, queen of Denmark and Sweden (b. 1046)
- Raymond Pilet d'Alès, French nobleman (b. 1075)
1121
- January 7 – Erminold, German Benedictine abbot
- January 18 – William of Champeaux, French philosopher
- February 10 – Domnall Ua Lochlainn, Irish king (b. 1048)
- March 2 – Floris II ("the Fat"), count of Holland (b. 1085)
- April 23 – Jón Ögmundsson, Icelandic bishop (b. 1052)
- August 7 – Ulrich I of Passau (or Udalrich), German bishop
- December 11 – Al-Afdal Shahanshah, Fatimid caliph (b. 1066)
- December 13 – Ulrich of Eppenstein, German abbot
- Abd al-Aziz ibn Mansur, Hammadid governor and ruler
- Alfanus II (or Alfano), Lombard archbishop of Salerno
- Al-Tughrai, Persian official, poet and alchemist (b. 1061)
- Bartolf Leslie (or Bartholomew), Scottish nobleman
- Fang La, Chinese rebel leader (executed in Kaifeng)
- Frederick of Liege, German prince-bishop and saint
- Lü Shinang, Chinese religious leader (Manichaean cult)
- Masud Sa'd Salman, Persian poet (approximate date)
- Muireadhach Ua Flaithbheartaigh, Irish king of Iar Connacht
- Robert of Bounalbergo, Norman nobleman and crusader
- Zhou Bangyan, Chinese bureaucrat and ci poet (b. 1056)
- Zhou Tong, Chinese archery teacher and martial artist
1122
- January 18 – Christina Ingesdotter, Kievan princess[65]
- March 12 – Giso IV, count of Gudensberg (b. 1070)[citation needed]
- August 9 – Cuno of Praeneste, German cardinal[citation needed]
- September 9 – Al-Hariri of Basra, Abbasid poet (b. 1054)[66]
- September 16 – Vitalis of Savigny, Catholic French Saint and itinerant preacher (b. 1060)[67]
- October 20 – Ralph d'Escures, English archbishop[68]
- November 8 – Ilghazi, Artuqid ruler of Mardin[69]
- November 28 – Ottokar II, margrave of Styria[citation needed]
- December 3 – Berthold III, duke of Zähringen[70]
- December 4 – Henry III, duke of Carinthia[citation needed]
- date unknown
- Al-Baghawi, Persian hadith scholar and writer[citation needed]
- Alberada of Buonalbergo, duchess of Apulia[citation needed]
- John of Tours, Bishop of Wells[71]
- Sybilla of Normandy, queen of Scotland[citation needed]
- Yejong, Korean ruler of Goryeo (b. 1079)[72]
- Wang Cha-ji, Korean general (b. 1066)[citation needed]
1123
- February 9 – Otto (the Rich), count of Ballenstedt (b. 1070)
- March 4 – Peter of Pappacarbone, Italian abbot and bishop
- May 3 – Felicia of Roucy, queen of Aragon and Navarre
- June 15 – Eustace Grenier, French constable and regent
- July 18 – Bruno di Segni, Italian prelate and bishop
- August 29 – Eystein I (Magnusson), king of Norway
- September 11 – Marbodius of Rennes, French archdeacon
- September 19 – Taizu, emperor of the Jin Dynasty (b. 1068)
- September 27 – Fujiwara no Akisue, Japanese nobleman (b. 1055)
- December 14 – Henry IV, duke of Carinthia (House of Sponheim)
- Davyd Sviatoslavich, Kievan prince of Murom and Chernigov
- Henry II, margrave of Meissen and the Saxon Ostmark (b. 1103)
- Langri Tangpa, Tibetan Buddhist monk and master (b. 1054)
- Louis the Springer (or Leaper), German nobleman (b. 1042)
1124
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- February 2 – Bořivoj II, Duke of Bohemia (b. c. 1064)[73][74][75]
- March 15 – Ernulf, Bishop of Rochester (b. c. 1040)[76][77][78]
- April 23 – King Alexander I of Scotland (b. c. 1078)[79][80][81]
- June 12 – Hasan-i Sabbah, founder of the Nizari Ismaili state (b. c. 1250)[82]
- June 24 – Nicholas of Worcester, prior of the Benedictine priory of Worcester Cathedral[83]
- December 13 – Pope Callixtus II, Burgundian-born Catholic religious leader (b. c. 1065)[84][85][86]
- Guibert of Nogent, French historian and theologian (b. 1053)[87][88][89]
1125
- January 24 – David IV (the Builder), king of Georgia (b. 1073)
- April 12 – Vladislaus I, duke of Bohemia (b. 1065)
- May 19 – Vladimir II, Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 1053)
- May 23 – Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1086)[90]
- June 22 – Lambert of St-Bertin, French chronicler
- September 14 – Constance, princess of Antioch (b. 1078)
- September 27 – Richeza of Berg, duchess of Bohemia
- October 21 – Cosmas of Prague, Bohemian chronicler
- December 3 – Berengar II, German nobleman
- December 29 – Agnes I, abbess of Quedlinburg
- Adalbert II, count of Mörsberg (approximate date)
- Alina Martain, French Benedictine nun and saint
- Al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi, vizier of the Fatimid Caliphate
- Bernard of Sédirac, Spanish abbot and archbishop
- Bonfilius, Italian Benedictine monk and bishop
- Eustace III, count of Boulogne (approximate date)
- Harding of Bristol, English sheriff reeve (b. 1048)
- Hugh I, count of Champagne (approximate date)
- Ibn al-Khashshab, Seljuk Shi'i magistrate (qadi)
- Inge the Younger, king of Sweden (approximate date)
- Robert de Mowbray, Norman Earl of Northumbria
1126
- February 18 – Otto II the Black, Moravian prince (b. 1085)
- March 8 – Urraca, queen regnant of León and Galicia (b. 1079)
- July 30 – Cecilia of Normandy (or Cecily), English princess
- September 1 – Świętosława of Poland, queen of Bohemia
- October 1 – Morphia of Melitene, queen of Jerusalem (or 1127)
- December 4 – Omar Khayyam, Persian mathematician (b. 1048)
- December 13 – Henry IX the Black, duke of Bavaria (b. 1075)
- December 29 – Wulfhilde of Saxony, duchess of Bavaria (b. 1072)
- Abu Bakr al-Turtushi, Andalusian political philosopher (b. 1059)
- Abu Nasr Ahmad ibn Fadl, Seljuk ruler (vizier) of Damascus
- Ahmad Ghazali, Persian mystic and writer (approximate date)
- Al-Tutili ("Blind Poet of Tudela"), Andalusian Muwallad poet
- Bertrand of Comminges, French bishop and saint (b. 1050)
- Cai Jing, Chinese politician and calligrapher (b. 1047)
- Edgar the Ætheling, uncrowned king of England (b. c. 1052)
- Ekkehard of Aura, German abbot, chronicler and writer
- Ragnvald Knaphövde, Swedish pretender (approximate date)
- Tong Guan, Chinese general and political adviser (b. 1054)
- Vikramaditya VI, king of the Western Chalukya Empire
- Waleran of Le Puiset, French nobleman (approximate date)
- Wynebald de Ballon, Norman nobleman (b. 1058)
1127
- February 7 – Ava (von Göttweig), German poet (b. 1060)
- February 10 – W6illiam IX ("the Troubador"), duke of Aquitaine (b. 1071)
- March 2 – Charles the Good, count of Flanders (b. 1084)
- March 23 – Ottone Frangipane, Italian Benedictine monk and saint (b. 1040)
- May 16 – Gens du Beaucet, French hermit and saint (b. 1104)
- July – William II, Norman duke of Apulia and Calabria (b. 1095)
- August 12 – Jordan of Ariano, Norman warrior and nobleman
- September 1 – Prince Álmos (or Almus), duke of Hungary and Croatia
- October 1 – Morphia of Melitene, queen consort of Jerusalem (or 1126)
- November 1 – Zhang Bangchang, ruler of Da Chu (b. 1081)
- November 12 – Godbald (or Godebald), bishop of Utrecht
- November 25 – Minamoto no Yoshimitsu, Japanese samurai (b. 1045)
- December 19 – Jordan II (or Giordano), prince of Capua
- Fujiwara no Hiroko, Japanese empress consort (b. 1036)
- Gilla Críst Ua Máel Eóin, Irish historian and abbot[91]
- Gualfardo of Verona, Italian trader and hermit (b. 1070)
- William III ("the Child"), count of Burgundy (b. 1110)
- Zhu, Chinese empress of the Song dynasty (b. 1102)
1128
- January 1 – Albero I, prince-bishop of Liège (b. 1070)
- February 12 – Toghtekin, Turkish ruler of Damascus
- June 2 – Pier Leoni (Petrus Leo), Roman consul
- July 20 – Al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi, Fatimid vizier (b. c. 1086)[92]
- July 28 – William Clito, count of Flanders (b. 1102)
- July – Warmund (or Gormond), patriarch of Jerusalem
- August 10 – Fujiwara no Kiyohira, Japanese samurai (b. 1056)
- September 5 – Ranulf Flambard, Norman bishop of Durham
- November 26 or 28 – Geoffrey Brito (or le Breton), archbishop of Rouen
- December 4 – Henry II, Margrave of the Nordmark, German nobleman (b. 1102)
- December 15 – Fulco I, Margrave of Milan, Lombard nobleman
- Abu Ibrahim ibn Barun, Andalusian Jewish rabbi
- Conaing Ua Beigléighinn, Irish monk and abbot
- Constantine I of Torres, judge (ruler) of Logudoro
- Fulcher of Chartres, French priest and chronicler (b. 1059)
- Ibn Tumart, Almoravid political leader (or 1130)
- Jimena Muñoz (or Muñiz), Spanish noblewoman
- Rogvolod Vseslavich (Boris), prince of Polotsk
1129
- January 23 – William Giffard, bishop of Winchester
- January 27 – Ranulf le Meschin, 3rd Earl of Chester (b. 1070)[93]
- January 29 – Minamoto no Shunrai, Japanese poet (b. 1055)
- February 16 – Thoros I, Armenian prince (or 1130)
- February 17 – Constantine II, Armenian prince
- July 24 – Shirakawa, emperor of Japan (b. 1053)
- July 28 – Zhao Fu, emperor of the Song dynasty (b. 1127)
- November 21 – Nigel d'Aubigny, Norman nobleman
- December 30 – Roger of Cannae, Italian bishop (b. 1060)
- Athanasius VI bar Khamoro, patriarch of Antioch
- Cellach of Armagh (or Celsus), Irish archbishop (b. 1080)
- Fujiwara no Akinaka, Japanese nobleman (b. 1059)
- John Theristus, Italian Benedictine monk (b. 1049)
- Ramiro Sánchez, Spanish nobleman (or 1130)
- Richard Fitz Pons, Norman nobleman (b. 1080)
- Walter FitzRoger, Norman sheriff of Gloucester
- Zhao Mingcheng, Chinese politician (b. 1081)
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