Del grec polys (molts) i nema, -atos (filament).[2]
Són reproductors pelàgics, els ous suren lliurement portats pels corrents marins fins a la desclosa i les larves formen part del plàncton.[2][3]
Són peixos d'aigua dolça, salabrosa i marina, els quals viuen a prop de la costa, a la desembocadura dels rius i als manglars dels estuaris.[2][5]
Es troben a les aigües tropicals i subtropicals.[2]
- Eleutheronema (Bleeker, 1862)[6]
- Filimanus (Myers, 1936)[7]
- Galeoides (Günther, 1860)[12]
- Leptomelanosoma (Motomura & Iwatsuki, 2001)[14]
- Parapolynemus (Feltes, 1993)[16]
- Pentanemus (Günther, 1860)[12]
- Polydactylus (Lacépède, 1803)[19]
- Polydactylus approximans (Lay & Bennett, 1839)[20]
- Polydactylus bifurcus (Motomura, Kimura & Iwatsuki, 2001)[21]
- Polydactylus longipes (Motomura, Okamoto & Iwatsuki, 2001)[22]
- Polydactylus luparensis (Lim, Motomura & Gambang, 2010)[23]
- Polydactylus macrochir (Günther, 1867)[24]
- Polydactylus macrophthalmus (Bleeker, 1858)[25]
- Polydactylus malagasyensis (Motomura & Iwatsuki, 2001)[26]
- Polydactylus microstomus (Bleeker, 1851)[27]
- Polydactylus mullani (Hora, 1926)[28]
- Polydactylus multiradiatus (Günther, 1860)
- Polydactylus nigripinnis (Munro, 1964)[29]
- Polydactylus octonemus (Girard, 1858)[30]
- Polydactylus oligodon (Günther, 1860)
- Polydactylus opercularis (Gill, 1863)[31]
- Polydactylus persicus (Motomura & Iwatsuki, 2001)[26]
- Polydactylus plebeius (Broussonet, 1782)[32]
- Polydactylus quadrifilis (Cuvier, 1829)[33]
- Polydactylus sexfilis (Valenciennes, 1831)[34]
- Polydactylus sextarius (Bloch i Schneider, 1801)[35]
- Polydactylus siamensis (Motomura, Iwatsuki & Yoshino, 2001)[36]
- Polydactylus virginicus (Linnaeus, 1758)[18]
- Polynemus (Linnaeus, 1758)[18]
No són presents al món de l'aquariofília però si que formen part de la dieta humana, ja que, d'entre altres raons, llur hàbit de formar grans moles suposa que siguin una captura fiable i econòmica. A més, són populars entre els afeccionats a la pesca esportiva.[2][3]
Bleeker P., 1862. Sixième memoire sur la faune ichthyologique de l'île de Batjan. Versl. Akad. Amsterdam v. 14. 99-112.
Myers G. S., 1936. Ichthyology.--A new polynemid fish collected in the Sadong River, Sarawak, by D. William T. Hornaday, with notes on the genera of Polynemidae. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. v. 26 (núm. 9). 376-382.
Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A., 1829. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome troisième. Suite du Livre troisième. Des percoïdes à dorsale unique à sept rayons branchiaux et à dents en velours ou en cardes. Histoire naturelle des poissons. v. 3: i-xxviii + 2 pp. + 1-500, Pls. 41-71.
Feltes, R. M., 1991. Revision of the polynemid fish genus Filimanus, with the description of two new species. Copeia 1991 (núm. 2): 302-322.
Jordan, D. S. & Richardson, R. E., 1910. Check-list of the species of fishes known from the Philippine Archipelago. Philippine Islands, Bureau of Science Publ. núm. 1: 1-78.
Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A., 1831. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome septième. Livre septième. Des Squamipennes. Livre huitième. Des poissons à pharyngiens labyrinthiformes. Histoire naturelle des poissons. v. 7: i-xxix + 1-531, Pls. 170-208.
Günther A., 1860. Catalogue of the Acanthopterygian fishes in the collection of the British Museum. 2. Squamipinnes, Cirrhitidae, Triglidae, Trachinidae, Sciaenidae, Polynemidae, Sphyraenidae, Trichiuridae, Scombridae, Carangidae, Xiphiidae. Londres. Cat. Fishes v. 2. i-xxi + 1-548.
Bloch, M. E., 1795. Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlín. Naturg. Ausl. Fische v. 9: i-ii + 1-192, Pls. 397-429.
Shaw, G., 1804. General zoology or systematic natural history ... v. 5 (pt 1): i-v + 1-25, Pls. 93-132, 43+, 65+, 6+, 74+ and (pt 2): i-vi + 251-463, Pls. 132-182, 158+. General zoology or systematic natural history ... Pisces.
Briggs J. C., 1993. New genus and species of clingfish (Gobiesocidae) from southern Australia. Copeia 1993 (núm. 1). 196-199.
Saville-Kent, W., 1889. Preliminary observations on a natural history collection made in connection with the surveying cruise of H. M. S. "Myrmidon," at Port Darwin and Cambridge Gulf in ... 1888. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland v. 6 (pt 5): 219-240, Pl. 13.
Linnaeus, C., 1758. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. - pp. (1-4), 1-824. Holmiæ. (Salvius). 10a edició del Systema Naturae[Enllaç no actiu]
Lacepède B. G. E., 1803. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. 5. i-lxviii + 1-803 + index.
Lay, G. T. & Bennett, E. T., 1839. Fishes. Pp. 41-75, Pls. 15-23. A: The zoology of Captain Beechey's voyage... to the Pacific and Behring's Straits... in 1825-1828. Londres.
Motomura, H., S. Kimura & Y. Iwatsuki, 2001. Polydactylus bifurcus, a new species of threadfin from Lombok Island, Indonesia (Perciformes: Polynemidae). Ichth. Research v. 48 (núm. 3): 299-305.
Lim, P. K. A., Motomura, H. & Gambang, A. C., 2010. Polydactylus luparensis, a new species of threadfin (Perciformes: Polynemidae) from the Batang Lupar River, Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia. Zootaxa, 2405: 63–68.
Günther, A., 1867. Additions to the knowledge of Australian reptiles and fishes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 20 (núm. 115): 45-68.
Bleeker, P., 1858. Zevende bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Sumatra. Visschen van Palembang. Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 5: 1-12.
Motomura, H. & Y. Iwatsuki, 2001. Review of Polydactylus species (Perciformes: Polynemidae) characterized by a large black anterior lateral line spot, with descriptions of two new species. Ichth. Research v. 48 (núm. 4): 337-354.
Bleeker, P., 1851. Nieuwe bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Celebes. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 2: 209-224.
Hora, S. L., 1926. Notes on fishes in the Indian Museum. IX-XIV. Records of the Indian Museum (Calcuta) v. 27 (pt 6): 453-469, Pl. 11.
Munro, I. S. R., 1964. Additions to the fish fauna of New Guinea. Papua New Guinea Agricultural Journal v. 16 (núm. 4): 141-186.
Girard, C. F., 1858. Notes upon various new genera and new species of fishes, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution, and collected in connection with the United States and Mexican boundary survey: Major William Emory, Commissioner. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 10: 167-171.
Gill, T. N., 1863. Descriptive enumeration of a collection of fishes from the western coast of Central America, presented to the Smithsonian Institution by Captain John M. Dow. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 15: 162-174.
Broussonet, P. M. A., 1782. Ichthyologia, sistens piscium descriptiones et icones. Decas I. Londres. Ichthyologia, sistens piscium descriptiones et icones. Decas I.: 49 unnum. pages, incl. i-iv., Unnum. Pls. 1-11.
Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A., 1829. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome troisième. Suite du Livre troisième. Des percoïdes à dorsale unique à sept rayons branchiaux et à dents en velours ou en cardes. Historie naturelle des poissons. v. 3: i-xxviii + 2 pp. + 1-500, Pls. 41-71.
Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A., 1831. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome septième. Livre septième. Des Squamipennes. Livre huitième. Des poissons à pharyngiens labyrinthiformes. Historie naturelle des poissons. v. 7: i-xxix + 1-531, Pls. 170-208.
Bloch, M. E. & Schneider, J. G., 1801. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae.: i-lx + 1-584, Pls. 1-110.
Temminck, C. J. & Schlegel, H., 1843. Fauna Japonica, sive descriptio animalium quae in itinere per Japoniam ... Parts 2-4: 21-72.