Escurçana gegant d'aigua dolça

	En altres projectes de Wikimedia:
Viquiespècies	Viquiespècies

Escurçana gegant d'aigua dolça
Himantura chaophraya
	;
Taxonomia
Superregne	Holozoa
Regne	Animalia
Fílum	Chordata
Classe	Chondrichthyes
Ordre	Myliobatiformes
Família	Dasyatidae
Gènere	Himantura
Espècie	Himantura chaophraya ; Monkolprasit i Roberts, 1990
Nomenclatura
Sinònims	Dasyatis chaophraya (Monkolprasit & Roberts, 1990); Himantura chaophrya (Monkolprasit & Roberts, 1990);

L'escurçana gegant d'aigua dolça (Himantura chaophraya) és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels dasiàtids.^[2]

Dades ràpides Himantura chaophraya, Taxonomia ...

Tanca

Descripció

Pot arribar a fer 240 cm de llargària màxima i 600 kg de pes.^[3]
Superfície dorsal del disc de color marró.
Vàlvula espiral amb 21 voltes.
Absència d'aleta caudal.
Cua llarga amb forma de fuet.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

Reproducció

És ovovivípar.^[8]^[9]

Alimentació

Menja invertebrats bentònics.^[10]

Hàbitat

És un peix d'aigua dolça i salabrosa, demersal, potamòdrom^[11] i de clima tropical (25°N-20°S), el qual habita els fons sorrencs d'estuaris i rius grans.^[4]^[10]

Distribució geogràfica

Es troba a les conques dels rius Mekong^[12] i Chao Phraya, l'est de Borneo, Nova Guinea i el nord d'Austràlia.^[4]^[7]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23]

Ús comercial

Es comercialitza fresc per a consumir-ne la carn i, possiblement també, el cartílag. Els exemplars de grans dimensions es venen en peces tallades d'un kg.^[10]^[24]

Estat de conservació

Les seues principals amenaces són la sobrepesca i la contaminació.^[25]

Observacions

És verinós per als humans.^[4]

Referències

[1]
Catalogue of Life (anglès)
[2]
The Taxonomicon (anglès)
[3]
Last, P.R. i J.D. Stevens, 1994. Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Austràlia. 513 p.
[4]
FishBase (anglès)
[5]
Kottelat, M., 1998. Fishes of the Nam Theun and Xe Bangfai basins, Laos, with diagnoses of twenty-two new species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae, Balitoridae, Cobitidae, Coiidae and Odontobutidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 9(1): 1-128.
[6]
Rainboth, W.J., 1996. Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Roma, 265 p.
[7]
Kottelat, M., 2001. Fishes of Laos. WHT Publications Ltd., Colombo 5, Sri Lanka. 198 p.
[8]
Dulvy, N.K. i J.D. Reynolds, 1997. Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 264:1309-1315.
[9]
Breder, C. M.; Rosen, D. E. Modes of Reproduction in Fishes (en anglès). Museu Americà d'Història Natural, 1966.
[10]
Rainboth, W.J., 1996.
[11]
Riede, K., 2004. Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Alemanya. 329 p.
[12]
Roberts, T.R., 1993. Artisanal fisheries and fish ecology below the great waterfalls of the Mekong River in southern Laos. Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 41:31-62.
[13]
Morgan, D.L., M.G. Allen, P. Bedford i M. Horstman, 2004. Fish fauna of the Fritzoy river in the Kimberley region of Western Australia - including the Bunuba, Gooniyandi, Ngarinyin, Nyikina and Walmajarri Aboriginal names. Records of the Western Australian Museum 22:147-161.
[14]
Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton i G.R. Allen, 2006. Fishes. A Beasley, O.L. i A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volum 35. ABRS & CSIRO Publishing: Australia Part 1, pp. xxiv 1-670; Part 2, pp. xxi 671-1472; Part 3, pp. xxi 1473-2178.
[15]
Allen, G.R., S.H. Midgley i M. Allen, 2002. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Australia. Western Australian Museum, Perth, Austràlia Occidental. 394 p.
[16]
Baird, I.G., V. Inthaphaisy, P. Kisouvannalath, B. Phylavanh i B. Mounsouphom, 1999. The fishes of southern Lao. Lao Community Fisheries and Dolphin Protection Project. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Laos. 161 p.
[17]
Department of Fisheries Malaysia, 2009. Valid local name of Malaysian marine fishes. Department of Fisheries Malaysia. Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry. 180 p.
[18]
Kottelat, M. i A.J. Whitten, 1996. Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi: additions and corrections. Periplus Editions, Hong Kong. 8 p.
[19]
Last, P.R. i L.J.V. Compagno, 1999. Dasyatididae. Stingrays. p. 1479-1505. A: K.E. Carpenter i V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Roma.
[20]
Monkolprasit, S., S. Sontirat, S. Vimollohakarn i T. Songsirikul, 1997. Checklist of Fishes in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Tailàndia. 353 p.
[21]
Taniuchi, T., 1998. Preliminary report on freshwater stingrays in Thailand and Laos. P. 7-33. A: Adaptability and conservation of freshwater elasmobranchs. Report of Research Project, Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research (Field Research) in the financial year of 1996 and 1997. 119 p.
[22]
Vidthayanon, C., 2005. Thailand red data: fishes. Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Tailàndia. 108 p.
[23]
Wongrat, P., 1998. Whip-tailed freshwater stingrays family Dasyatidae of Thailand. P. 35-40. A: Adaptability and conservation of freshwater elasmobranchs. Report of Research Project, Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research (Field Research) in the financial year of 1996 and 1997. 119 p.
[24]
White, W.T., P.R. Last, J.D. Stevens, G.K. Yearsley, Fahmi and Dharmadi, 2006. Economically important sharks and rays of Indonesia. (Hiu dan pari yang bernilai ekonomis penting di Indonesia). Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, Austràlia.
[25]
Stone, R., 2007. The last of the leviathans. Science 316:1684-1688.

Bibliografia

Baillie, J. i B. Groombridge (eds.), 1996. 1996 IUCN red list of threatened animals. UICN, Gland, Suïssa. 378 p.
Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. A W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland, Estats Units.
Eschmeyer, William N., 1990: Catalog of the Genera of Recent Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, Califòrnia, Estats Units. iii + 697. ISBN 0-940228-23-8.

Enllaços externs

Dades ràpides

Tanca

BioLib (anglès)
AQUATAB

[1] [1]
Catalogue of Life (anglès)

[2] [2]
The Taxonomicon (anglès)

[3] [3]
Last, P.R. i J.D. Stevens, 1994. Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Austràlia. 513 p.

[FishBase-4] [4]
FishBase (anglès)

[5] [5]
Kottelat, M., 1998. Fishes of the Nam Theun and Xe Bangfai basins, Laos, with diagnoses of twenty-two new species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae, Balitoridae, Cobitidae, Coiidae and Odontobutidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 9(1): 1-128.

[6] [6]
Rainboth, W.J., 1996. Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Roma, 265 p.

[Maurice-7] [7]
Kottelat, M., 2001. Fishes of Laos. WHT Publications Ltd., Colombo 5, Sri Lanka. 198 p.

[8] [8]
Dulvy, N.K. i J.D. Reynolds, 1997. Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 264:1309-1315.

[9] [9]
Breder, C. M.; Rosen, D. E. Modes of Reproduction in Fishes (en anglès). Museu Americà d'Història Natural, 1966.

[Rainboth-10] [10]
Rainboth, W.J., 1996.

[11] [11]
Riede, K., 2004. Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Alemanya. 329 p.

[12] [12]
Roberts, T.R., 1993. Artisanal fisheries and fish ecology below the great waterfalls of the Mekong River in southern Laos. Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 41:31-62.

[13] [13]
Morgan, D.L., M.G. Allen, P. Bedford i M. Horstman, 2004. Fish fauna of the Fritzoy river in the Kimberley region of Western Australia - including the Bunuba, Gooniyandi, Ngarinyin, Nyikina and Walmajarri Aboriginal names. Records of the Western Australian Museum 22:147-161.

[14] [14]
Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton i G.R. Allen, 2006. Fishes. A Beasley, O.L. i A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volum 35. ABRS & CSIRO Publishing: Australia Part 1, pp. xxiv 1-670; Part 2, pp. xxi 671-1472; Part 3, pp. xxi 1473-2178.

[15] [15]
Allen, G.R., S.H. Midgley i M. Allen, 2002. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Australia. Western Australian Museum, Perth, Austràlia Occidental. 394 p.

[16] [16]
Baird, I.G., V. Inthaphaisy, P. Kisouvannalath, B. Phylavanh i B. Mounsouphom, 1999. The fishes of southern Lao. Lao Community Fisheries and Dolphin Protection Project. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Laos. 161 p.

[17] [17]
Department of Fisheries Malaysia, 2009. Valid local name of Malaysian marine fishes. Department of Fisheries Malaysia. Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry. 180 p.

[18] [18]
Kottelat, M. i A.J. Whitten, 1996. Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi: additions and corrections. Periplus Editions, Hong Kong. 8 p.

[19] [19]
Last, P.R. i L.J.V. Compagno, 1999. Dasyatididae. Stingrays. p. 1479-1505. A: K.E. Carpenter i V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Roma.

[20] [20]
Monkolprasit, S., S. Sontirat, S. Vimollohakarn i T. Songsirikul, 1997. Checklist of Fishes in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Tailàndia. 353 p.

[21] [21]
Taniuchi, T., 1998. Preliminary report on freshwater stingrays in Thailand and Laos. P. 7-33. A: Adaptability and conservation of freshwater elasmobranchs. Report of Research Project, Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research (Field Research) in the financial year of 1996 and 1997. 119 p.

[22] [22]
Vidthayanon, C., 2005. Thailand red data: fishes. Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Tailàndia. 108 p.

[23] [23]
Wongrat, P., 1998. Whip-tailed freshwater stingrays family Dasyatidae of Thailand. P. 35-40. A: Adaptability and conservation of freshwater elasmobranchs. Report of Research Project, Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research (Field Research) in the financial year of 1996 and 1997. 119 p.

[24] [24]
White, W.T., P.R. Last, J.D. Stevens, G.K. Yearsley, Fahmi and Dharmadi, 2006. Economically important sharks and rays of Indonesia. (Hiu dan pari yang bernilai ekonomis penting di Indonesia). Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, Austràlia.

[25] [25]
Stone, R., 2007. The last of the leviathans. Science 316:1684-1688.

[2]

[1]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]