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Esciliorrínids

Esciliorrínids

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Esciliorrínids
MorfologiaAlimentacióHàbitatDistribució geogràficaCostumsTaxonomiaReferències

Els esciliorrínids (Scyliorhinidae) són una família de taurons de l'ordre dels carcariniformes, una de les més nombroses, amb 15 gèneres i 89 espècies.

Dades ràpides Scyliorhinidae, Període ...
Infotaula d'ésser viuEsciliorrínids
Scyliorhinidae Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Thumb
Scyliorhinus hesperius Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Període
Juràssic superior - recent[1][2][3]
Taxonomia
SuperregneHolozoa
RegneAnimalia
FílumChordata
ClasseChondrichthyes
OrdreCarcharhiniformes
FamíliaScyliorhinidae Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Gill, 1862
Gèneres
  • Apristurus (Garman, 1913)
  • Asymbolus (Whitley, 1939)
  • Atelomycterus (Garman, 1913)
  • Aulohalaelurus (Fowler, 1934)
  • Cephaloscyllium (Gill, 1862)
  • Cephalurus (Bigelow i Schroeder, 1941)
  • Galeus (Rafinesque, 1810)
  • Halaelurus (Gill, 1862)
  • Haploblepharus (Garman, 1913)
  • Holohalaelurus (Fowler, 1934)
  • Parmaturus (Garman, 1906)
  • Pentanchus (Smith i Radcliffe a Smith, 1912)
  • Poroderma (Smith, 1838)
  • Schroederichthys (Springer, 1966)
  • Scyliorhinus (Blainville, 1816)[4][5][6]
Tanca
Thumb
Gató (Scyliorhinus canicula) fotografiat al sud de la Mar del Nord.
Thumb
Atelomycterus marmoratus
Thumb
Moixina (Galeus melastomus)
Thumb
Apristurus profundorum

Morfologia

  • Són esquals petits i de cos allargassat: la majoria d'espècies fan entre 60 i 70 cm de longitud però la més grossa (Apristurus gibbosus) assoleix els 4 m.[7] Tot i això la llargària màxima de les espècies mediterrànies és sempre inferior a 1 m.
  • Els ulls són grossos amb una petita membrana nictitant.
  • Les aletes dorsals es troben per darrere de les pèlviques, són subiguals i estan situades molt enrere. L'origen de la primera dorsal és clarament posterior a l'origen de les ventrals.
  • L'anal és grossa.
  • La caudal no es troba ben desenvolupada, és subhoritzontal i amb el lòbul inferior escarransit
  • Els espiracles són ben visibles.
  • Tenen cinc obertures branquials de les quals la cinquena, i de vegades també la quarta, estan situades sobre la base de les aletes pectorals.
  • Les dents són pluricuspidades, amb la cúspide principal aguda, menudes i nombroses, molt poc diferents de les de les dues mandíbules.[8][9][10]

Alimentació

Mengen invertebrats i peixets.[1][11]

Hàbitat

Totes les espècies són costaneres i sedentàries.[12]

Distribució geogràfica

Es troben a tots els oceans de la Terra (llevat de l'oceà Antàrtic).[13] Són molt abundants a les costes de Sud-àfrica, a l'àrea marina compresa entre Àsia i Austràlia, i a l'oceà Pacífic occidental.[14]

Costums

Són bentònics.

Taxonomia

  • Gènere Apristurus (Garman, 1913)[15]
    • Apristurus acanutus (Chu, Meng & Li, 1985)[16]
    • Apristurus albisoma (Nakaya & Séret, 1999)[17]
    • Apristurus ampliceps (Sasahara, Sato & Nakaya, 2008)[18]
    • Apristurus aphyodes (Nakaya & Stehmann, 1998)[19]
    • Apristurus atlanticus (Koefoed, 1927)
    • Apristurus australis (Sato, Nakaya & Yorozu, 2008)[20]
    • Apristurus brunneus (Gilbert, 1892)[21]
    • Apristurus bucephalus (White, Last & Pogonoski, 2008)[22]
    • Apristurus canutus (Springer & Heemstra, 1979)[23]
    • Apristurus exsanguis (Sato, Nakaya & Stewart, 1999)[24]
    • Apristurus fedorovi (Dolganov, 1985)[25]
    • Apristurus gibbosus (Meng, Chu & Li, 1985)[16]
    • Apristurus herklotsi (Fowler, 1934)[26]
    • Apristurus indicus (Brauer, 1906)[27]
    • Apristurus internatus (Deng, Xiong & Zhan, 1988)[28]
    • Apristurus investigatoris (Misra, 1962)[29]
    • Apristurus japonicus (Nakaya, 1975)[30]
    • Apristurus kampae (Taylor, 1972)[31]
    • Apristurus laurussonii (Saemundsson, 1922)[32]
    • Apristurus longicephalus (Nakaya, 1975)[30]
    • Apristurus macrorhynchus (Tanaka, 1909)[33]
    • Apristurus macrostomus (Meng, Chu & Li, 1985)[16]
    • Apristurus maderensis (Cadenat & Maul, 1966)
    • Apristurus manis (Springer, 1979)[34]
    • Apristurus melanoasper (Iglésias, Nakaya & Stehmann, 2004)[35]
    • Apristurus microps (Gilchrist, 1922)[36]
    • Apristurus micropterygeus (Meng, Chu & Li, 1986)[37]
    • Apristurus nasutus (de Buen, 1959)[38]
    • Apristurus parvipinnis (Springer & Heemstra, 1979)[23]
    • Apristurus pinguis (Deng, Xiong & Zhan, 1983)[39]
    • Apristurus platyrhynchus (Tanaka, 1909)[33]
    • Apristurus profundorum (Goode & Bean, 1896)[40]
    • Apristurus riveri (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1944)[41]
    • Apristurus saldanha (Barnard, 1925)[42]
    • Apristurus sibogae (Weber, 1913)[43]
    • Apristurus sinensis (Chu & Hu, 1981)[44]
    • Apristurus spongiceps (Gilbert, 1905)[45]
    • Apristurus stenseni (Springer, 1979)[23]
  • Gènere Asymbolus (Whitley, 1939)[46]
    • Asymbolus analis (Ogilby, 1885)[47]
    • Asymbolus funebris (Compagno, Stevens & Last, 1999)[48]
    • Asymbolus galacticus (Séret & Last, 2008)[49]
    • Asymbolus occiduus (Last, Gomon & Gledhill, 1999)[50]
    • Asymbolus pallidus (Last, Gomon & Gledhill, 1999)[50]
    • Asymbolus parvus (Compagno, Stevens & Last, 1999)[51]
    • Asymbolus rubiginosus (Last, Gomon & Gledhill, 1999)[50]
    • Asymbolus submaculatus (Compagno, Stevens & Last, 1999)[48]
    • Asymbolus vincenti (Zeitz, 1908)[52]
  • Gènere Atelomycterus (Garman, 1913)[53]
    • Atelomycterus baliensis White, Last & Dharmadi, 2005)[54]
    • Atelomycterus fasciatus (Compagno & Stevens, 1993)[55]
    • Atelomycterus macleayi (Whitley, 1939)[56]
    • Atelomycterus marmoratus ([Bennett], 1830)[57]
    • Atelomycterus marnkalha (Jacobsen & Bennett, 2007)[58]
  • Gènere Aulohalaelurus (Fowler, 1934)[26]
    • Aulohalaelurus kanakorum (Séret, 1990)[59]
    • Aulohalaelurus labiosus (Waite, 1905)[60]
  • Gènere Bythaelurus (Compagno, 1988)[61]
    • Bythaelurus alcocki (Garman, 1913)
    • Bythaelurus canescens (Günther, 1878)
    • Bythaelurus clevai (Séret, 1987)
    • Bythaelurus dawsoni (Springer, 1971)
    • Bythaelurus hispidus (Alcock, 1891)
    • Bythaelurus immaculatus (Chu & Meng, 1982)
    • Bythaelurus incanus (Last & Stevens, 2008)[62]
    • Bythaelurus lutarius (Springer & D'Aubrey, 1972)
  • Gènere Cephaloscyllium (Gill, 1862)[63]
    • Cephaloscyllium albipinnum (Last, Motomura & White, 2008)[64]
    • Cephaloscyllium cooki (Last, Séret & White, 2008)[65]
    • Cephaloscyllium fasciatum (Chan, 1966)[66]
    • Cephaloscyllium hiscosellum (White & Ebert, 2008)[67]
    • Cephaloscyllium isabellum (Bonnaterre, 1788)
    • Cephaloscyllium laticeps (Duméril, 1853)
    • Cephaloscyllium maculatum (Schaaf-Da Silva & Ebert, 2008)[68]
    • Cephaloscyllium pardelotum (Schaaf-Da Silva & Ebert, 2008)[68]
    • Cephaloscyllium parvum (Inoue & Nakaya, 2006)[69]
    • Cephaloscyllium pictum (Last, Séret & White, 2008)[65]
    • Cephaloscyllium signourum (Last, Séret & White, 2008)[65]
    • Cephaloscyllium silasi (Talwar, 1974)
    • Cephaloscyllium speccum (Last, Séret & White, 2008)[70]
    • Cephaloscyllium sufflans (Regan, 1921)
    • Cephaloscyllium umbratile (Jordan & Fowler, 1903)
    • Cephaloscyllium variegatum (Last & White, 2008)[71]
    • Cephaloscyllium ventriosum (Garman, 1880)[72]
    • Cephaloscyllium zebrum (Last & White, 2008)[71]
  • Gènere Cephalurus (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1941)[73]
    • Cephalurus cephalus (Gilbert, 1892)[21]
  • Gènere Galeus (Rafinesque, 1810)[74]
    • Galeus antillensis (Springer, 1979)
    • Galeus arae (Nichols, 1927)
    • Galeus atlanticus (Vaillant, 1888)[75]
    • Galeus boardmani (Whitley, 1928)
    • Galeus cadenati (Springer, 1966)
    • Galeus eastmani (Jordan & Snyder, 1904)
    • Galeus gracilis (Compagno & Stevens, 1993)
    • Galeus longirostris (Tachikawa & Taniuchi, 1987)
    • Galeus melastomus (Rafinesque, 1810)[76]
    • Galeus mincaronei (Soto, 2001)[77]
    • Galeus murinus (Collett, 1904)[78]
    • Galeus nipponensis (Nakaya, 1975)
    • Galeus piperatus (Springer & Wagner, 1966)
    • Galeus polli (Cadenat, 1959)
    • Galeus priapus (Séret & Last, 2008)[79]
    • Galeus sauteri (Jordan & Richardson, 1909)
    • Galeus schultzi (Springer, 1979)
    • Galeus springeri (Konstantinou & Cozzi, 1998)
  • Gènere Halaelurus (Gill, 1862)[80]
    • Halaelurus boesemani (Springer & D'Aubrey, 1972)
    • Halaelurus buergeri (Müller & Henle, 1838)
    • Halaelurus lineatus (Bass, D'Aubrey & Kistnasamy, 1975)
    • Halaelurus maculosus (White, Last & Stevens, 2007)[81]
    • Halaelurus natalensis (Regan, 1904)
    • Halaelurus quagga (Alcock, 1899)
    • Halaelurus sellus (White, Last & Stevens, 2007)[82]
  • Gènere Haploblepharus (Garman, 1913)[83]
    • Haploblepharus edwardsii (Voigt, 1832)[84]
    • Haploblepharus fuscus (Smith, 1950)
    • Haploblepharus kistnasamyi (Human & Compagno, 2006)[85]
    • Haploblepharus pictus (Müller & Henle, 1838)
  • Gènere Holohalaelurus (Fowler, 1934)[86]
    • Holohalaelurus favus (Human, 2006)[87]
    • Holohalaelurus grennian (Human, 2006)[87]
    • Holohalaelurus punctatus (Gilchrist, 1914)
    • Holohalaelurus regani (Gilchrist, 1922)
  • Gènere Parmaturus (Garman, 1906)[88]
    • Parmaturus albimarginatus (Seret & Last, 2007)[89]
    • Parmaturus albipenis (Seret & Last, 2007)[89]
    • Parmaturus bigus (Seret & Last, 2007)[89]
    • Parmaturus campechiensis (Springer, 1979)
    • Parmaturus lanatus (Seret & Last, 2007)[89]
    • Parmaturus macmillani (Hardy, 1985)
    • Parmaturus melanobranchus (Chan, 1966)
    • Parmaturus pilosus (Garman, 1906)
    • Parmaturus xaniurus (Gilbert, 1892)
  • Gènere Pentanchus (Smith & Radcliffe, 1912)[90]
    • Pentanchus profundicolus (Smith & Radcliffe, 1912)
  • Gènere Poroderma (Smith, 1838)[91]
    • Gat ratllat (Poroderma africanum) (Gmelin, 1789)[92]
    • Gat lleopard (Poroderma pantherinum) (Müller & Henle, 1838)[93]
  • Gènere Schroederichthys (Springer, 1966)[94]
    • Schroederichthys bivius (Müller & Henle, 1828)[95]
    • Schroederichthys chilensis (Guichenot, 1848)[96]
    • Schroederichthys maculatus (Springer, 1966)[97]
    • Schroederichthys saurisqualus (Soto, 2001)[98]
    • Schroederichthys tenuis (Springer, 1966)[97]
  • Gènere Scyliorhinus (Blainville, 1816)[99]
    • Scyliorhinus besnardi (Springer & Sadowsky, 1970)[100]
    • Scyliorhinus boa (Goode & Bean, 1896)[40]
    • Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758)[101]
    • Scyliorhinus capensis (Müller & Henle, 1838)[102]
    • Scyliorhinus cervigoni (Maurin & Bonnet, 1970)[103]
    • Scyliorhinus comoroensis (Compagno, 1988)[104]
    • Scyliorhinus garmani (Fowler, 1934)[26]
    • Scyliorhinus haeckelii (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1907)[105]
    • Scyliorhinus hesperius (Springer, 1966)[97]
    • Scyliorhinus meadi (Springer, 1966)[97]
    • Scyliorhinus retifer (Garman, 1881)[106]
    • Scyliorhinus stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758)[101]
    • Scyliorhinus tokubee (Shirai, Hagiwara & Nakaya, 1992)[107]
    • Scyliorhinus torazame (Tanaka, 1908)[108]
    • Scyliorhinus torrei (Howell Rivero, 1936)[109][110][111][112]

Referències

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