Čiča Tomina koliba

Čiča Tomina koliba (engleski: Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly) jest abolicionistički sentimentalni roman autorice Harriet Beecher Stowe. Objavljen u dva sveska 1852, snažno je utjecao na odnos prema Afroamerikancima i robovlasništvu u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama i za njega se kaže da je jedan od glavnih idejnih temelja koji su doveli do izbijanja [Američkog] građanskog rata".^[1][2][3]

Čiča Tomina koliba
Naslovna stranica prvog izdanja prvog sveska
Autor	Harriet Beecher Stowe
Originalni naziv	Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly
Ilustrator	Hammatt Billings
Jezik	Engleski
Žanr	Sentimentalni roman
Izdavač	John P. Jewett and Company
Datum izdanja	20. mart 1852.
Glavni lik	Čiča Toma
Teme	Zlo i nemoralnost robovlasništva, moralni autoritet majčinstva, snaga kršćanske ljubavi
Nasljednik	Ključ od Čiča Tomine kolibe

Stowe, predavačica u ženskom sjemeništu u Hartfordu rođena u Connecticutu, potjecala je iz religiozne porodice Beecher i bila je aktivan borac za ukidanje robovlasništva. Napisala je sentimentalni roman kako bi opisala stvarnost robovlasništva, istovremeno tvrdeći da kršćanska ljubav može nadvladati robovlasništvo.^[4][5][6] Roman se fokusira na Čiču Tomu, crnog roba oko kojeg se vrte priče ostalih likova.

U Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama Čiča Tomina koliba bila je najprodavaniji roman i druga najprodavanija knjiga 19. stoljeća, nakon Biblije.^[7][8] Pripisuje joj se zasluga za poticanje abolicionizma 1850-ih.^[9] Utjecaj koji se pripisuje knjizi bio je toliko velik da se pojavila vjerovatno apokrifna priča prema kojoj je Abraham Lincoln na početku Građanskog rata upoznao Stowe i izjavio: "Dakle, ovo je mala dama koja je počela ovaj veliki rat."^[10][11]

Knjiga i predstave koje je nadahnula pomogle su popularizaciji niza negativnih stereotipa o Afroamerikancima, ^[12][13][3] uključujući onaj o samom liku "Čiča Tomi". Taj pojam počeo se povezivati ​​s pretjerano podređenom osobom.^[14] Ove kasnije asocijacije na Čiča Tominu kolibu donekle su zasjenile historijske učinke knjige kao "ključnog alata protiv robovlasništva".^[15] Bez obzira na to, ovaj roman ostaje "prekretnica" u protestnoj literaturi,^[16] uz kasnije knjige, kao što su Džungla Uptona Sinclaira i Tiho proljeće Rachel Carson, koje mu uveliko duguju.^[17]

Reference

Napomene

1. Kaufman 2006, str. 18.
2. Painter 2000, str. 245.
3. DeLombard 2012.
4. Kurian 2010, str. 580.
5. De Rosa 2003, Na 122. stranici De Rosa citira riječi Jane Tompkins (1985: 145) da je Stoweina strategija bila da uništi robovlasništvo "spasiteljskom snagom kršćanske ljubavi". harv error: no target: CITEREFDe_Rosa2003 (help)
6. Tompkins 1985, Na 141. stranici Tompkins piše: "Stowe je zamislila njenu knjigu kao instrument koji će prizvati dan kada svijetom neće vladati sila nego kršćanska ljubav".
7. DiMaggio 2014, str. 15.
8. Smith 2001, str. 221.
9. Goldner 2001, str. 82.
10. Stowe 1911, str. 203.
11. Vollaro 2009.
12. Hulser 2003.
13. Jamieson 2018, str. ?.
14. Jones 2019, str. 1465–1467.
15. Appiah i Gates 2005, str. 544.
16. Smith 2008, str. 161.
17. Weinstein 2004, str. 13.

Bibliografija

Knjige

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• Appiah, Kwame Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis (2005). Africana: Arts and Letters: an A-to-Z reference of writers, musicians, and artists of the African American Experience. Running Press. ISBN 978-1422392232.
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• Tompkins, Jane (1985). "Sentimental Power: Uncle Tom's Cabin and the Politics of Literary History". Sensational Designs: The Cultural Work of American Fiction, 1790–1860. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195035650.
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Časopisi

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• DiMaggio, Kenneth (2014). "Uncle Tom's Cabin: Global Best Seller, Anti-slave Narrative, Imperialist Agenda". Global Studies Journal. 7 (1): 15–23. doi:10.18848/1835-4432/CGP/46892.
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• Riss, Arthur (1994). "Racial Essentialism and Family Values in Uncle Tom's Cabin". American Quarterly. 46 (4): 513–544. doi:10.2307/2713382. JSTOR 2713382.
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Vanjski linkovi

• Čiča Tomina koliba na Wikizvoru (en)
• Čiča Tomina koliba na Standard Ebooksu (en)
• Čiča Tomina koliba na Projektu "Gutenberg" (en)