Atletska takmičenja na OI 1956. u Melbournu sastojala su se od 33 discipline: 24 za muškarce i 9 za žene. Učestvovalo je 720 takmičara iz 61 države.
| Atletika na XVI olimpijskim igrama | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Mjesto | Melbourne Cricket Ground (Melbourne) |
| Datum | 23. novembar – 1. decembar 1956. |
| Broj takmičara | 720 iz 61 države |
Muškarci
| Disciplina | Zlato | Srebro | Bronza | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100 metara |
 Bobby Morrow (USA) | 10.5 | Thane Baker (USA) | 10.5 |  Hector Hogan (AUS) | 10.6 |
| 200 metara |
Bobby Morrow (USA) | 20.6
|
Andy Stanfield (USA) | 20.7 | Thane Baker (USA) | 20.9 |
| 400 metara |
Charles Jenkins (USA) | 46.7 |  Karl-Friedrich Haas (EUA) | 46.8 |  Voitto Hellstén (FIN) | 47.0 |
 Ardalion Ignatyev (URS) | 47.0 | |||||
| 800 metara |
Tom Courtney (USA) | 1:47.7
|
 Derek Johnson (GBR) | 1:47.8 |  Audun Boysen (NOR) | 1:48.1 |
| 1500 metara |
 Ron Delany (IRL) | 3:41.2
|
Klaus Richtzenhain (EUA) | 3:42.0 | John Landy (AUS) | 3:42.0 |
| 5000 metara |
Vladimir Kuts (URS) | 13:39.6
|
Gordon Pirie (GBR) | 13:50.6 | Derek Ibbotson (GBR) | 13:54.4 |
| 10.000 metara |
Vladimir Kuts (URS) | 28:45.6
|
 József Kovács (HUN) | 28:52.4 | Allan Lawrence (AUS) | 28:53.6 |
| 110 m prepone |
Lee Calhoun (USA) | 13.5
|
Jack Davis (USA) | 13.5
|
Joel Shankle (USA) | 14.1 |
| 400 m prepone |
Glenn Davis (USA) | 50.1 =
|
Eddie Southern (USA) | 50.8 | Joshua Culbreath (USA) | 51.6 |
| 3000 m prepreke |
Chris Brasher (GBR) | 8:41.2
|
Sándor Rozsnyói (HUN) | 8:43.6 | Ernst Larsen (NOR) | 8:44.0 |
| 4 × 100 m |
SAD (USA) Thane Baker Leamon King Bobby Morrow Ira Murchison | 39.5
|
Sovjetski Savez (URS) Leonid Bartenev Jurij Konovalov Vladimir Suharev Boris Tokarev | 39.8 | Ujedinjeni njemački tim (EUA) Heinz Fütterer Manfred Germar Lothar Knörzer Leonhard Pohl | 40.3 |
| 4 × 400 m |
SAD (USA) Tom Courtney Charles Jenkins Lou Jones Jesse Mashburn | 3:04.8 | Australija (AUS) Graham Gipson Kevan Gosper Leon Gregory David Lean | 3:06.2 | Velika Britanija (GBR) Peter Higgins Derek Johnson John Salisbury Michael Wheeler | 3:07.2 |
| Maraton |
 Alain Mimoun (FRA) | 2:25:00 |  Franjo Mihalić (YUG) | 2:26:32 | Veikko Karvonen (FIN) | 2:27:47 |
| Hodanje 20 km |
Leonid Spirin (URS) | 1:31:27.4 | Antanas Mikenas (URS) | 1:32:03.0 | Bruno Junk (URS) | 1:32:12.0 |
| Hodanje 50 km |
 Norman Read (NZL) | 4:30:42.8 | Jevgenij Maskinskov (URS) | 4:32:57.0 |  John Ljunggren (SWE) | 4:35:02.0 |
| Skok u dalj |
Greg Bell (USA) | 7.83 m | John Bennett (USA) | 7.68 m | Jorma Valkama (FIN) | 7.48 m |
| Troskok |
 Adhemar da Silva (BRA) | 16.35 m
|
 Vilhjálmur Einarsson (ISL) | 16.26 m | Vitold Kreer (URS) | 16.02 m |
| Skok u vis |
Charles Dumas (USA) | 2.12 m
|
Chilla Porter (AUS) | 2.10 m | Igor Kaškarov (URS) | 2.08 m |
| Skok s motkom |
Bob Richards (USA) | 4.56 m
|
Bob Gutowski (USA) | 4.53 m |  Georgios Roubanis (GRE) | 4.50 m |
| Bacanje kugle |
Parry O'Brien (USA) | 18.57 m
|
Bill Nieder (USA) | 18.18 m |  Jiří Skobla (TCH) | 17.65 m |
| Bacanje diska |
Al Oerter (USA) | 56.36 m
|
Fortune Gordien (USA) | 54.81 m | Desmond Koch (USA) | 54.40 m |
| Bacanje koplja |
Egil Danielsen (NOR) | 85.71 m
|
 Janusz Sidło (POL) | 79.98 m | Viktor Cibulenko (URS) | 79.50 m |
| Bacanje kladiva |
Harold Connolly (USA) | 63.19 m
|
Mihailj Krivonosov (URS) | 63.03 m | Anatolij Samotsvetov (URS) | 62.56 m |
| Desetoboj |
Milt Campbell (USA) | 7937
|
Rafer Johnson (USA) | 7587 | Vasilij Kuznecov (URS) | 7465 |
Legenda
| ||||||
Žene
| Disciplina | Zlato | Srebro | Bronza | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100 metara |
Betty Cuthbert (AUS) | 11.5 | Christa Stubnick (EUA) | 11.7 | Marlene Matthews (AUS) | 11.7 |
| 200 metara |
Betty Cuthbert (AUS) | 23.4 =
|
Christa Stubnick (EUA) | 23.7 | Marlene Matthews (AUS) | 23.8 |
| 80 m prepone |
Shirley Strickland de la Hunty (AUS) | 10.7
|
Gisela Köhler (EUA) | 10.9 | Norma Thrower (AUS) | 11.0 |
| 4 × 100 m |
Australija (AUS) Norma Croker Betty Cuthbert Fleur Mellor Shirley Strickland de la Hunty | 44.5
|
Velika Britanija (GBR) Heather Armitage Anne Pashley June Paul Jean Scrivens | 44.7 | SAD (USA) Isabelle Daniels Mae Faggs Margaret Matthews Wilma Rudolph | 44.9 |
| Skok u dalj |
Elżbieta Krzesińska (POL) | 6.35 m =
|
Willye White (USA) | 6.09 m | Nadežda Dvališvili (URS) | 6.07 m |
| Skok u vis |
Mildred McDaniel (USA) | 1.76 m
|
Thelma Hopkins (GBR) | 1.67 m | nije dodijeljena | |
| Mariya Pisareva (URS) | 1.67 m | |||||
| Bacanje kugle |
Tamara Tiškevič (URS) | 16.59 m
|
Galina Zybina (URS) | 16.53 m | Marianne Werner (EUA) | 15.61 m |
| Bacanje diska |
Olga Fikotová (TCH) | 53.69 m
|
Irina Begljakova (URS) | 52.54 m | Nina Ponomarjova (URS) | 52.02 m |
| Bacanje koplja |
Inese Jaunzeme (URS) | 53.86 m
|
 Marlene Ahrens (CHI) | 50.38 m | Nadežda Konjajeva (URS) | 50.28 m |
Legenda
| ||||||
| # | Država | Zlato | Srebro | Bronza | Ukupno |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | SAD | 16 | 10 | 5 | 31 |
| 2 | Sovjetski Savez | 5 | 7 | 10 | 22 |
| 3 | Australija | 4 | 2 | 6 | 12 |
| 4 | Velika Britanija | 1 | 4 | 2 | 7 |
| 5 | Poljska | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 6 | Norveška | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| 7 | Čehoslovačka | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 8 | Brazil | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Francuska | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Irska | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Novi Zeland | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| 12 | Ujedinjeni njemački tim | 0 | 5 | 2 | 7 |
| 13 | Mađarska | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 14 | Čile | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Island | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Jugoslavija | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 17 | Finska | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 18 | Grčka | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Švedska | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
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