Šafijski mezheb

Šafijski mezheb arapski: شَافِعِي jest jedna od četiri pravne škole (mezheba) u sunitskom islamu.^[1][2] Osnivač ove škole je bio Imam Šafija, "otac muslimanske jurisprudencije",^[3] u ranom 9. stoljeću.^[4][5][3]

Šafijski mezheb

Ostale tri škole sunitske škole (mezheba) su Ḥanafijska, malikījska i hanbelijska škola.^[1][2] Kao i druge škole fikha, šafije priznaju prve četiri halife kao zakonite nasljednike Muhammeda i oslanja se na Kur'an i "provjerene (sahih)" knjige hadisa kao primarne izvore prava.^[4][6] Šafijska škola potvrđuje autoritet i božanskog davanja zakona (Kurʾān i Sunnet) i ljudskih spekulacija u vezi sa Zakonom.^[7] Tamo gdje su odlomci Kurʾāna i/ili hadisa dvosmisleni, škola traži smjernice Kijasa (analogno rezonovanje).^[7][8] Idžma (konsenzus učenjaka ili zajednice) je "prihvaćen, ali nije naglašen".^[7] Škola je odbacila ovisnost o lokalnim tradicijama lično mišljenje i Istiḥsān (pravna diskrecija) kao izvore pravnog presedana.^[7][9]

Šafijska škola je bila široko praćena na Bliskom istoku sve do uspona Osmanlija i Safavida.^[6][10] Trgovci su pomogli u širenju šafijskog islama preko Indijskog okeana, sve do Indije i Jugoistočne Azije.^[11][12] Šafijska škola danas se pretežno nalazi u dijelovima Hidžaza i Levanta, Donjeg Egipta i Jemena, te među kurdskim narodom, na Sjevernom Kavkazu i preko Indijskog okeana (Rog Afrike i Svahilijske obale u Africi i priobalju Južne i Jugoistočne Azije).^[13][14][15]

Reference

1. Hallaq 2009, str. 31.
2. Saeed 2008, str. 17.
3. "Abū ʿAbd Allāh ash-Shāfiʿī". Encyclopaedia Britannica.
4. Ramadan 2006, str. 27–77.
5. Kamali 2008, str. 77.
6. Shanay, Bulend. "Shafi'iyyah". University of Cumbria.
7. "Shāfiʿī". Encyclopaedia Britannica.
8. Hasyim 2005, str. 75–77.
9. Chaumont, Éric (1997). "Al-Shafi". The Encyclopedia Of Islam. IX. Brill. str. 182–83.
10. Heffening, W. (1934). "Al-Shafi'i". The Encyclopaedia of Islam. IV. E. J. Brill. str. 252–53.
11. Christelow 2000, str. 377.
12. Pouwels 2002, str. 139.
13. "Islamic Jurisprudence & Law". University of North Carolina.
14. "International Religious Freedom Report: Comoros" (PDF). United States Department of State. 2013.
15. Ahmady, Kameel 2019: From Border to Border. Comprehensive research study on identity and ethnicity in Iran. Mehri publication, London. p 440.

Bibliografija

Primarni izvori

• Al-Zarkashi, Badr al-Din (1393). Al-Bahr Al-Muhit Vol VI.
• Khadduri, Majid (1961). 'Islamic Jurisprudence: ShafiŠablon:Ayini's Risala. Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Al-ShafiŠablon:Ayini: The Epistle on Legal Theory - Risalah fi usul al-fiqh. Prevod: Lowry, Joseph. New York University Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0814769980.

Akademski izvori

• Hallaq, Wael B. (2009). An Introduction to Islamic Law. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521678735.
• Saeed, Abdullah (2008). The Qur'an: An Introduction. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415421256.
• Ramadan, Hisham M. (2006). Understanding Islamic Law: From Classical to Contemporary. Rowman Altamira. ISBN 978-0-7591-0991-9.
• Kamali, Mohammad Hashim (2008). Shari'ah Law: An Introduction. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 978-1851685653.
• Hasyim, Syafiq (2005). Understanding Women in Islam: An Indonesian Perspective. Equinox. ISBN 978-9793780191.
• Hallaq, Wael B. (2009a). Sharī'a: Theory, Practice, Transformations. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521861472.
• Brown, Jonathan A. C. (2014). Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 978-1780744209.
• Ridgeon, Lloyd (2003). Major World Religions: From Their Origins to the Present. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415297967.
• Dutton, Yasin (1999). The Origins of Islamic Law: The Qurʼan, the Muwaṭṭaʼ and Madinan ʻAmal.
• Haddad, Gibril F. (2007). The Four Imams and Their Schools. Muslim Academic Trust, London.
• Pouwels, Randall L. (2002). Horn and Crescent: Cultural Change and Traditional Islam. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521523097.
• Christelow, Allan (2000). Levtzion, Nehemia; Pouwels, Randall (ured.). "Islamic Law in Africa," in The History of Islam in Africa. Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0821412978.
• Zayn Kassam; Bridget Blomfield (2015). "Remembering Fatima and Zaynab: Gender in Perspective". u Farhad Daftory (ured.). The Shi'i World. I. B. Tauris Press.

Dodatna literatura

• Al-Shāfiʿī, Muḥammad ibn Idrīs; Lowry, Joseph E. (2013). The Epistle on Legal Theory: A Translation of Al-Shafi'i's Risalah. Prevod: Lowry, Joseph E. New York University Press. ISBN 9781479855445. JSTOR j.ctt17mvkhj.
• Cilardo, Agostino (2014). "Shafiʽi Fiqh". u Fitzpatrick, Coeli; Walker, Adam Hani (ured.). Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God. ABC-CLIO.
• Yahia, Mohyddin (2009). ShafiŠablon:Ayini et les deux sources de la loi islamique, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, ISBN 978-2-503-53181-6
• Rippin, Andrew (2005). Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices (3rd ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 90–93. ISBN 0-415-34888-9.
• Calder, Norman, Jawid Mojaddedi, and Andrew Rippin (2003). Classical Islam: A Sourcebook of Religious Literature. London: Routledge. Section 7.1.
• Schacht, Joseph (1950). The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence. Oxford: Oxford University. pp. 16.
• Khadduri, Majid (1987). Islamic Jurisprudence: ShafiŠablon:Ayini's Risala. Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society. pp. 286.
• Abd Majid, Mahmood (2007). Tajdid Fiqh Al-Imam Al-Syafi'i. Seminar pemikiran Tajdid Imam As Shafie 2007.
• al-ShafiŠablon:Ayini, Muhammad b. Idris, "The Book of the Amalgamation of Knowledge" translated by A.Y. Musa in Hadith as Scripture: Discussions on The Authority Of Prophetic Traditions in Islam, New York: Palgrave, 2008

Također pogledajte

• Pravci u islamu