Жан-Батист Люли (на френски: Jean-Baptiste Lully; на италиански: Giovanni Battista Lulli) е френски композитор от италиански произход от епохата на барока,[2] дворцов композитор на крал Луи XIV. Счита се за основоположник на френската опера. Създава „Психея“, „Артемида“ и други.
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Син на италиански мелничар, Люли получава първите си уроци по музика от монах францисканец. През 1646 г. заминава за Париж, където става учител по италиански на племенницата на краля Ан Мари Луиз д'Орлеан. Ан Мари изпада в немилост през 1652 г. и след нейното заминаване Люли е принуден да търси ново поприще в двора. Бързо печели доверието на краля и още през 1653 г. бива назначен за кралски композитор на инструментална музика (Compositeur de la musique instrumentale).
През периода 1664 – 1671 г. работи съвместно с Молиер. През 1672 г. създава първата си опера, която жъне успех сред публиката. Постепенно се налага като основоположник на френската класическа опера. Произведенията му се радват на голяма популярност.
На 8 януари 1687 г. Люли дирижирал Te Deum пред крал Луи ХІV.[3] За да отмерва музикалния ритъм, той използвал жезъл, с който удрял по пода. Поради невнимание обаче премазал един от пръстите на крака си, който се инфектирал. Отказал да му ампутират крака, за да може да танцува.[4]
Жан-Батист Люли умира от гангрена на 22 март 1687 г.
Сакрална музика
- 6 Motets à deux chœurs pour la Chapelle du roi, published 1684
- Miserere, at court, winter 1664
- Plaude laetare, text by Pierre Perrin, April 7, 1668
- Te Deum, at Fontainebleau, September 9, 1677
- De profundis, May 1683
- Dies irae, 1683
- Benedictus
- Domine salvum fac regem, grand motet
- Exaudiat te Dominus, grand motet, 1687
- Jubilate Deo, grand motet, 1660?
- Notus in Judea Deux, grand motet
- O lacrymae, grand motet, text by Perrin, at Versailles, 1664
- Quare fremuerunt, grand motet, at Versailles, April 19, 1685
- Petits motets: Anima Christi; Ave coeli manus, text by Perrin; Dixit Dominus; Domine salvum; Laudate pueri; O dulcissime Domine; Omnes gentes; O sapientia; Regina coeli; Salve regina
Опери
- Cadmus et Hermione, tragedy by Quinault, at tennis court (jeu de paume) of Bel-Air, April 27 (?), 1673
- Alceste ou le Triomphe d'Alcide, tragedy by Quinault, at tennis court (jeu de paume) of Bel-Air, January 19, 1674
- Thésée, tragedy by Quinault, at St-Germain-en-Laye, January 11, 1675
- Atys, tragedy by Quinault, at St-Germain-en-Laye, January 10, 1676
- Isis, tragedy by Quinault ornamented by ballet entrées, at St-Germain-en-Laye, January 5, 1677
- Psyché, tragedy by Quinault, Thomas Corneille and Fontanelle, at Palais-Royal, April 19, 1678
- Bellérophon, tragedy by Thomas Corneille, Fontenelle and Boileau, at Palais-Royal, January 31, 1679
- Proserpine, tragedy by Quinault ornamented with ballet entrées, at St-Germain-en-Laye, February 3, 1680
- Persée, tragedy by Quinault, at Palais-Royal, April 18, 1682
- Phaëton, tragedy by Quinault, at Versailles, January 6, 1683
- Amadis, tragedy by Quinault, at Palais-Royal, January 18, 1684
- Roland, tragedy by Quinault, at Versailles (Grande Écurie), January 8, 1685
- Armide, tragedy by Quinault, 1686
- Achille et Polyxène, tragedy by Campistron, completed by Colasse, at Palais-Royal, November 7 (or 23), 1687
Музика за театрални постановки (интермедии)
- Les Fâcheux, play by Molière, at Vaux-le-Vicomte, August 17, 1661
- Le Mariage forcé, ballet, play by Molière, at Louvre, January 29, 1664
- Les Plaisirs de l'Ile enchantée, play by Molière, at Versailles, May 7–12, 1664
- L'Amour médecin, comédie-ballet, play by Molière, at Versailles, September 14, 1665
- La Pastorale comique, play by Molière, at St-Germain-en-Laye, January 5, 1667
- Le Sicilien, play by Molière, at St-Germain-en-Laye, February 14, 1667
- Le Grand Divertissement royal de Versailles (Georges Dandin), play by Molière, at Versailles, August 18, 1668
- La Grotte de Versailles, eclogue in music, play by Quinault, April (?) 1668
- Le Divertissement de Chambord (Monsieur de Pourceaugnac), play by Molière, at Chambord, October 6, 1669
- Le Divertissement royal (Les Amants magifiques), play by Molière, at St-Germain-en-Laye, February 7, 1670
- Le Bourgeois gentilhomme, comédie-ballet, play by Molière, at Chambord, October 14, 1670
- Psyché]], tragi-comedy, Molière, play by Pierre Corneille and Quinault, at the Théâtre des Tuileries, January 17, 1671
- Les Fêtes de l'Amour et de Bacchus, pastoral, text by Quinault, Molière and Périgny, at the Salle du Bel-Air, a converted tennis court (jeu de paume), November 15 (?), 1672
- Idylle sur la Paix, text by Racine, at Sceaux, July 16, 1685
- Acis et Galatée, pastoral, text by Campistron, chateau of Anet, September 6, 1686
Дворцови балети
- Ballet du Temps, text by Benserade, at Louvre, November 30, 1654
- Ballet des plaisirs, text by Benserade, at Louvre, February 4, 1655
- Le Grand Ballet des Bienvenus, text by Benserade, at Compiègne, May 30, 1655
- Le Ballet de la Revente des habits, text by Benserade, at court, January 6, 1655 (or 1661?)
- Ballet of Psyché ou de la puissance de l'Amour, text by Benserade, at Louvre, January 16, 1656
- La Galanterie du temps, mascarade, anonymous text, February 14, 1656
- L'Amour malade, text by Buti, at Louvre, January 17, 1657
- Ballet royal d'Alcidiane, Benserade, at court, February 14, 1658
- Ballet de la Raillerie, text by Benserade, at court, February 19, 1659
- six ballet entrées serving as intermèdes to Francesco Cavalli's Xerse, at Louvre, November 22, 1660
- Ballet mascarade donné au roi à Toulouse, April 1660
- Ballet royal de l'impatience, text by Buti, at Louvre, February 19, 1661
- Ballet des Saisons, text by Benserade, at Fontainebleau, July 23, 1661
- ballet danced between the acts of Hercule amoureux, text by Buti, at Tuileries, February 7, 1662
- Ballet des Arts, text by Benserade, at Palais-Royal, January 8, 1663
- Les Noces du village, mascarade ridicule, text by Benserade, at Vincennes, October 3, 1663
- Les Amours déguisés, text by Périgny, at Palais-Royal, February 13, 1664
- incidental music between the acts of Oedipe, play by Pierre Corneille, Fontainebleau, August 3, 1664
- Mascarade du Capitaine ou l'Impromptu de Versailles, anonymous text, at Palais-Royal, 1664 or February 1665
- Ballet royal de la Naissance de Vénus, text by Benserade, at Palais-Royal, January 26, 1665
- Ballet des Gardes ou des Délices de la campagne, anonymous text, 1665
- Le Triomphe de Bacchus, mascarade, anonymous text, at court, January 9, 1666
- Ballet des Muses, Benserade, at St-Germain-en-Laye, 1666
- Le Carneval, mascarade, text by Benserade, at Louvre, January 18, 1668
- Ballet royal de Flore, text by Benserade, at Tuileries, February 13, 1669
- Le Triomphe de l'Amour, text by Benserade and Quinault, at St-Germain-en-Laye, December 2, 1681
- Le Temple de la Paix, text by Quinault, at Fontainebleau, October 20, 1685
Anthony, James R., Hitchcock, H. Wiley, Sadler, Graham. The New Grove French Baroque Masters: Lully, Charpentier, Lalande, Couperin, Rameau. W. W. Norton & Company, 1986. ISBN 0393022862. с. 16.
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„Моята библиотека“ – художествена биография, част от Библиотека „Велики примери: I. Животът на знаменитите деца“, превод от 1929 г., книгоиздателство „Сполука“