An Haponiko o Hapon–Ryukyuano sarong pamilya nin tataramon na binibilog nin Hapon, pigtataram sa mga panginot na isla kan nasyon na Hapon, asin an mga tataramon na Ryukyuano, ipigtataram sa mga isla nin Ryukyu. Pangkagabsan na inaako an pamilya kan mga linguwista, asin makabuluhang pag-uswag an nahimo sa pagtugdas giraray kan proto-tataramon. Ipinahihimati kan pagtugdas giraray an pagsuway sa tanga kan gabos na diyalekto kan Hapon asin gabos na klase kan Ryukyuano, siguro bago an ika-7 siglo. Kaiba man an Tataramon na Hachijō, na ipigtataram sa mga Isla nin Izu, alagad an posisyon kaini sa laog kan pamilya, bakong malinaw.
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Nagtutubod an kadaklan sa mga iskolar na pigdara an Hapon sa Kaiislahan na Hapon gikan sa Rawis nin Korea kaiba an kulturang Yayoi kadtong 1st millennium BC. Igwang pirang pira-pirasong ebidensya na nagsusuhestyon na pigtataram pa nanggad an mga tataramon na Hapones sa tahaw asin habagatan na parte kan Rawis nin Korea (hilingon an Peninsular na Haponiko) sa mga inot na siglo AD.
Ipigsuhestyon an mga posibleng henetikong relasyon sa kadakol na iba pang mga pamilya nin tataramon, kadaklan sa sistematikong igwa nin Koryaniko, alagad mayo pa man nanggad na siguradong maipahiling.
Panginot na artikulo: Proto-Haponiko
Naipakarahay giraray an proto-tataramon kan pamilya sa paagi kan paggamit nin kumbinasyon na panlaog na pagpapakarahay giraray gikan sa Gurang na Hapon asin sa paagi kan paglalapat kan paagi nin kompiratibo sa Gurang na Hapon (kaiba an mga kasubangan na mga diyalekto) asin an Ryukyuano. Ginibo an mga panginot na rekonstruksyon kadtong ika-20 siglo ni Samuel Elmo Martin asin Shirō Hattori.
Ordinaryong Polisilabiko an mga kataga na Proto-Haponiko, na igwang mga pantig na may pormang (C)V. Karaniwan na napag-uuyunan an minasunod na imbentaryo nin katanog kan Proto-Haponiko, apwera na an pirang iskolar na nangangatwiran para sa mga pagpundo nin pagboses na *b asin *d imbes na mga dadausdos na *w asin *j:
More information Bilabial, Alveolar ...
Mga katanog na Proto-Haponiko
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Bilabial |
Alveolar |
Palatal |
Velar |
Nasal |
*m |
*n |
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Stop |
*p |
*t |
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*k |
Fricative |
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*s |
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Approximant |
*w |
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*j |
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Liquid |
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*r |
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An Gurang na Hapon igwang tankg na mga katanog na b, d, z asin g, na dawa nuarin man dai nangyari na kataga-sa poon, na nagpoon sa mga kumpol nin mga pangdungo asin daing boses na mga katanog pagkatapos kan pagkawara kan sarong nangingiaram na patanog.
Kadaklan sa mga kag-mukna, nag-aako nin anim na Proto-Haponiko na patanog:
More information Front, Central ...
Mga patanog na Proto-Haponiko
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Front |
Central |
Back |
Close |
*i |
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*u |
Mid |
*e |
*ə |
*o |
Open |
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*a |
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Close
An pirang mga kagmuknâ, nagsusuhestyon man nin halangkaw na tahaw na patanog *ɨ.
An mga mid vowel na *e asin *o inilangkaw sa i asin u susog sa pagkakasambit sa Gurang na Hapon, apwera sa pinalyang kataga.
Nagbutwa an iba pang mga Gurang na Hapon na patanog gikan sa mga pagkakasunud-sunod kan mga Proto-Haponiko na patanog.
Dapat na bilugon giraray an karaniwang inaako na an sarong leksikal na [[pitch accent] para sa Proto-Haponiko, alagad kontrobersyal an eksaktong porma kaini.
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Japonic". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
Mga gibong sinambit
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.
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- Databases kan linggwistikang diyalektikal asin historikal sa Nasyunal na Instituto para sa tataramon na Hapon asin Linggwistika
Plantilya:Mga tataramon na Altaiko