مستخدم:Mr. Ibrahem/Azathioprine
من ويكيبيديا، الموسوعة encyclopedia
Azathioprine (AZA), sold under the brand name Imuran among others, is an immunosuppressive medication.[1] It is used in rheumatoid arthritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in kidney transplants to prevent rejection.[1][2][3][4] It is taken by mouth or injected into a vein.[1]
Mr. Ibrahem/Azathioprine | |
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الاسم النظامي | |
6-[(1-Methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]-7H-purine | |
اعتبارات علاجية | |
اسم تجاري | Azasan, Imuran and others |
ASHPDrugs.com | أفرودة |
مدلاين بلس | a682167 |
الوضع القانوني | ديلي مد:وصلة |
فئة السلامة أثناء الحمل | D (أستراليا) D (الولايات المتحدة) |
طرق إعطاء الدواء | Mainly by mouth (sometimes initially intravenous) |
بيانات دوائية | |
توافر حيوي | 60±31% |
ربط بروتيني | 20–30% |
استقلاب (أيض) الدواء | Activated non-enzymatically, deactivated mainly by xanthine oxidase |
عمر النصف الحيوي | 26–80 minutes (azathioprine) 3–5 hours (drug plus metabolites) |
إخراج (فسلجة) | Kidney, 98% as metabolites |
معرّفات | |
بيانات كيميائية | |
الصيغة الكيميائية | C9H7N7O2S |
Cn1cnc(N(=O)=O)c1Sc2ncnc3nc[nH]c23
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InChI=1S/C9H7N7O2S/c1-15-4-14-7(16(17)18)9(15)19-8-5-6(11-2-10-5)12-3-13-8/h2-4H,1H3,(H,10,11,12,13)
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بيانات فيزيائية | |
نقطة الانصهار | 238–245 °C (460–473 °F) |
تعديل مصدري - تعديل ![]() |
Common side effects include bone marrow suppression and vomiting.[1] Bone marrow suppression is especially common in people with a genetic deficiency of the enzyme thiopurine S-methyltransferase.[1] Other serious risk factors include an increased risk of lymphoma.[1] Use during pregnancy may result in harm to the baby.[1] Azathioprine is in the purine analogue and antimetabolite family of medication.[1][5] It works via 6-thioguanine to disrupt the making of RNA and DNA by cells.[1][5]
Azathioprine was first made in 1957.[5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[6] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$7.63–17.19 a month.[7] The wholesale cost in the United States is about US$35.34 per month.[8] In 2017, it was the 335th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 800 thousand prescriptions.[9] قالب:Toclimit
- "Azathioprine". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-08-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-12-08.
- Axelrad، JE؛ Lichtiger، S؛ Yajnik، V (28 مايو 2016). "Inflammatory bowel disease and cancer: The role of inflammation, immunosuppression, and cancer treatment". World Journal of Gastroenterology (Review). ج. 22 ع. 20: 4794–801. DOI:10.3748/wjg.v22.i20.4794. PMC:4873872. PMID:27239106.
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: صيانة الاستشهاد: دوي مجاني غير معلم (link) - Singer، O؛ McCune، WJ (مايو 2017). "Update on maintenance therapy for granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis". Current Opinion in Rheumatology. ج. 29 ع. 3: 248–253. DOI:10.1097/BOR.0000000000000382. PMID:28306595.
- Jordan، N؛ D'Cruz، D (2016). "Current and emerging treatment options in the management of lupus". ImmunoTargets and Therapy. ج. 5: 9–20. DOI:10.2147/ITT.S40675. PMC:4970629. PMID:27529058.
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: صيانة الاستشهاد: دوي مجاني غير معلم (link) - Sami، Naveed (2016). Autoimmune Bullous Diseases: Approach and Management. Springer. ص. 83. ISBN:9783319267289. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-12-21.
- World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- "Azathioprine". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-12-08.
- "NADAC as of 2016-12-07 | Data.Medicaid.gov". Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-12-21. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-12-20.
- "Azathioprine - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-04-11.