2,2-Dimetielbutaan

2,2-Dimetielbutaan, ook bekend as neoheksaan, is 'n organiese verbinding met formule C₆H₁₄ of (H₃C)₃C-CH₂CH₃. Dit is dus 'n alkaan, inderdaad die mees kompakte en vertakte van die heksaan isomere - die enigste met 'n kwaternêre koolstof en 'n butaan-ruggraat.

Meer inligting Algemeen, Fasegedrag ...

**Eienskappe**
Algemeen
Naam	2,2-Dimetielbutaan
IUSTC-naam	2,2-Dimetielbutaan^[1]
Ander name	neoheksaan^[2]
Struktuurformule van 2,2-Dimetielbutaan
Chemiese formule	C₆H₁₄
Molêre massa	86,178 g•mol^-1
CAS-nommer	75-83-2
Voorkoms	Kleurlose vloeistof
Reuk	reukloos
Fasegedrag
Smeltpunt	-102 °C
Kookpunt	49,7 °C
Digtheid	0,649 g•ml^-1
Oplosbaarheid
Termodinamies
Δ_fH^ɵ	−214,4 kJ•mol^-1
Δ_cH^ɵ	−4149 kJ•mol^-1
Henry se konstante	6,5 nmol•Pa^-1•kg^-1
Warmtekapasiteit	186,67 J•K^-1•mol^-1
Suur-basis eienskappe
pKa
Veiligheid
Flitspunt	−29 °C
Selfontbrandingspunt	425 °C
Tensy anders vermeld is alle data vir standaardtemperatuur en -druk toestande.

Portaal Chemie

Sluit

2,2-Dimetielbutaan kan gesintetiseer word deur die hidroisomerisering van 2,3-dimetielbutaan met behulp van 'n suur katalisator.^[3]

Dit kan ook gesintetiseer word deur n-pentaan te isomeriseer in die teenwoordigheid van 'n katalisator wat kombinasies bevat van een of meer van palladium, platinum, rodium en renium op 'n matriks van zeoliet, alumina, silikondioksied of ander materiale. Sulke reaksies skep 'n mengsel van finale produkte, insluitend isopentaan, n-heksaan, 3-metielpentaan, 2-metielpentaan, 2,3-dimetielbutaan en 2,2-dimetielbutaan. Aangesien die samestelling van die finale mengsel temperatuurafhanklik is, kan die gewenste finale komponent verkry word deur die keuse van katalisator en deur kombinasies van temperatuurbeheer en distillasies.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Neoheksaan word as toevoeging in brandstowwe en in die vervaardiging van landbouchemikalieë gebruik.^[7] Dit word ook gebruik in 'n aantal kommersiële, motor- en huisonderhoudsprodukte, soos kleefmiddels, elektroniese kontakreinigers en poleeringsmiddels vir stoffering.^[8]

In laboratoriuminstellings word dit algemeen as 'n toets-molekule gebruik in tegnieke wat die aktiewe plekke van metaalkatalisators bestudeer. Sulke katalisators word gebruik in waterstof-deuterium-uitruil-, hidrogenolise- en isomeriseringsreaksies. Dit is goed geskik vir hierdie doel, aangesien 2,2-dimetielbutaan sowel 'n isobutiel- as 'n etielgroep bevat.^[9]

[1]
"2,2-DIMETHYLBUTANE - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound (in Engels). USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 26 Maart 2005. Identification and Related Records. Besoek op 2 Julie 2021.
[2]
Haynes, W. M. (2009). CRC handbook of chemistry and physics (in Engels). Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 3-194. ISBN 978-1-4398-2077-3. OCLC 858712715.
[3]
"2,2-dimethylbutane". National Center for Biotechnology Information (in Engels). 18 Julie 2015. Besoek op 2 Julie 2021.
[4]
Rabo, J. A.; Pickert, P. E.; Mays, R. L. (1961). "Pentane and Hexane Isomerization". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry (in Engels). American Chemical Society (ACS). 53 (9): 733–736. doi:10.1021/ie50621a029. ISSN 0019-7866.
[5]
Den Hartog, A. J.; Rek, P. J. M.; Botman, M. J. P.; De Vreugd, C.; Ponec, V. (1988). "Reactions of 2,2-dimethylbutane on platinum-rhenium/alumina catalysts. Effect of sulfur and chlorine on the selectivity". Langmuir (in Engels). American Chemical Society (ACS). 4 (5): 1100–1103. doi:10.1021/la00083a006. ISSN 0743-7463.
[6]
Brown, Ronald; Kemball, Charles; McDougall, Gordon S. (1995). "Exchange reactions of 2,2-dimethylpentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane and 2,2-dimethylpropane over Pt/SiO2 and Rh/SiO2". Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions (in Engels). Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). 91 (7): 1131. doi:10.1039/ft9959101131. ISSN 0956-5000.
[7]
"Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet - 2,2-Dimethylbutane" (pdf). New Jersey Department of Health (in Engels). Junie 2008. Besoek op 2 Julie 2021.
[8]
"2,2-Dimethylbutane". Consumer Products Information Database (in Engels). 2021. Besoek op 2 Julie 2021.
[9]
Burch, R.; Paál, Z. (1994). "The use of 2,2-dimethylbutane (neohexane) as a probe molecule of metal catalysts". Applied Catalysis A: General (in Engels). Elsevier BV. 114 (1): 9–33. doi:10.1016/0926-860x(94)85106-9. ISSN 0926-860X.

[Compound-1] [1]
"2,2-DIMETHYLBUTANE - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound (in Engels). USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 26 Maart 2005. Identification and Related Records. Besoek op 2 Julie 2021.

[Haynes2009-2] [2]
Haynes, W. M. (2009). CRC handbook of chemistry and physics (in Engels). Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 3-194. ISBN 978-1-4398-2077-3. OCLC 858712715.

[PubChem-3] [3]
"2,2-dimethylbutane". National Center for Biotechnology Information (in Engels). 18 Julie 2015. Besoek op 2 Julie 2021.

[Rabo1961-4] [4]
Rabo, J. A.; Pickert, P. E.; Mays, R. L. (1961). "Pentane and Hexane Isomerization". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry (in Engels). American Chemical Society (ACS). 53 (9): 733–736. doi:10.1021/ie50621a029. ISSN 0019-7866.

[Den_Hartog1988-5] [5]
Den Hartog, A. J.; Rek, P. J. M.; Botman, M. J. P.; De Vreugd, C.; Ponec, V. (1988). "Reactions of 2,2-dimethylbutane on platinum-rhenium/alumina catalysts. Effect of sulfur and chlorine on the selectivity". Langmuir (in Engels). American Chemical Society (ACS). 4 (5): 1100–1103. doi:10.1021/la00083a006. ISSN 0743-7463.

[Brown1995-6] [6]
Brown, Ronald; Kemball, Charles; McDougall, Gordon S. (1995). "Exchange reactions of 2,2-dimethylpentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane and 2,2-dimethylpropane over Pt/SiO2 and Rh/SiO2". Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions (in Engels). Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). 91 (7): 1131. doi:10.1039/ft9959101131. ISSN 0956-5000.

[NJ-7] [7]
"Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet - 2,2-Dimethylbutane" (pdf). New Jersey Department of Health (in Engels). Junie 2008. Besoek op 2 Julie 2021.

[CPID-8] [8]
"2,2-Dimethylbutane". Consumer Products Information Database (in Engels). 2021. Besoek op 2 Julie 2021.

[Burch1994-9] [9]
Burch, R.; Paál, Z. (1994). "The use of 2,2-dimethylbutane (neohexane) as a probe molecule of metal catalysts". Applied Catalysis A: General (in Engels). Elsevier BV. 114 (1): 9–33. doi:10.1016/0926-860x(94)85106-9. ISSN 0926-860X.

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