Lêer:Einstein-Roosevelt-letter.png
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Oorspronklike lêer (1 500 × 881 piksels, lêergrootte: 286 KG, MIME-tipe: image/png)
Hierdie lêer kom vanaf Wikimedia Commons en kan ook in ander projekte gebruik word. Die beskrywing op die lêer se inligtingsblad word hieronder weergegee.
Opsomming
BeskrywingEinstein-Roosevelt-letter.png |
English: Scan of the letter sent to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt on August 2, 1939, was signed by Albert Einstein but largely written by Hungarian physicist Leo Szilard. For more information on the letter and its context see its entry at the English Wikipedia. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bron |
Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library & Museum 4079 Albany Post Road Hyde Park, NY 12538 http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/psf/box5/a64a01.html http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/psf/box5/a64a02.html |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Outeur |
creator QS:P170,Q937 |
Text of the letter
Albert Einstein
Old Grove Rd.
Nassau Point
Peconic, Long Island
August 2nd, 1939
F. D. Roosevelt,
President of the United States,
White House
Washington, D.C.
Sir:
Some recent work by E. Fermi and L. Szilard, which has been communicated to me in manuscript, leads me to expect that the element uranium may be turned into a new and important source of energy in the immediate future. Certain aspects of the situation which has arisen seem to call for watchfulness and, if necessary, quick action on the part of the Administration. I believe therefore that it is my duty to bring to your attention the following facts and recommendations:
In the course of the last four months it has been made probable - through the work of Joliot in France as well as Fermi and Szilard in America - that it may become possible to set up a nuclear chain reaction in a large mass of uranium, by which vast amounts of power and large quantities of new radium-like elements would be generated. Now it appears that almost certain that this could be achieved in the immediate future.
This new phenomenon would also lead to the construction of bombs, and it is conceivable - but much less certain - that extremely powerful bombs of a new type may thus be constructed. A single bomb of this type, carried by boat and exploded in a port, might very well destroy the whole port together with some of the surrounding territory. However, such bombs might very well prove to be too heavy for transportation by air.
-2-
The United States has only very poor ores of uranium in moderate quantities. There are some good ores In Canada and the former Czechoslovakia, while the most important source of uranium is Belgian Congo.
In view of the situation you may think it desirable to have some permanent contact maintained between the administration and the group of physicists working on chain reactions in America. One possible way of achieving this might be for you to entrust with this task a person who has your confidence and who could perhaps serve in an inofficial capacity. His task might comprise the following:
a) to approach Government Departments, keep them informed of the further development, and put forward recommendations for government action, giving particular attention to the problem of securing a supply of uranium ore for the United States;
b) to speed up the experimental work, which is at present being carried on within the limits of the budgets of University laboratories, by providing funds, if such funds be required, through his contacts with private persons who are willing to make contributions for this cause, and perhaps also by obtaining the cooperation of industrial laboratories which have the necessary equipment.
I understand that Germany has actually stopped the sale of uranium from the Czechoslovakian mines which she has taken over. That she should have taken such early action might perhaps be understood on the ground that the son of the German Under–Secretary of state, von Weiszäcker, is attached to the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut in Berlin where some of the American work on uranium is now being repeated.
Yours very truly,
A. Einstein
(Albert Einstein)
Response
View Roosevelt's response of October 19, 1939
Lisensiëring
The Einstein letter was published in 1945, as part of the Smyth Report, without a copyright notice. It is thus in the public domain in the USA.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse |
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published in the United States between 1929 and 1977, inclusive, without a copyright notice. For further explanation, see Commons:Hirtle chart as well as a detailed definition of "publication" for public art. Note that it may still be copyrighted in jurisdictions that do not apply the rule of the shorter term for US works (depending on the date of the author's death), such as Canada (50 p.m.a.), Mainland China (50 p.m.a., not Hong Kong or Macao), Germany (70 p.m.a.), Mexico (100 p.m.a.), Switzerland (70 p.m.a.), and other countries with individual treaties.
العربية ∙ беларуская (тарашкевіца) ∙ čeština ∙ Deutsch ∙ Ελληνικά ∙ English ∙ español ∙ français ∙ Bahasa Indonesia ∙ italiano ∙ 日本語 ∙ 한국어 ∙ македонски ∙ Nederlands ∙ português ∙ русский ∙ sicilianu ∙ slovenščina ∙ ไทย ∙ Tiếng Việt ∙ 中文(简体) ∙ 中文(繁體) ∙ +/− |
Items portrayed in this file
uitbeelding
media type Engels
image/png
Lêergeskiedenis
Klik op die datum/tyd om te sien hoe die lêer destyds gelyk het.
Datum/Tyd | Duimnael | Dimensies | Gebruiker | Opmerking | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
huidig | 20:52, 3 September 2007 | 1 500 × 881 (286 KG) | Schutz | Scan of the letter sent to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt on August 2, 1939, was signed by Albert Einstein but largely written by Hungarian physicist Leo Szilard. For more informati |
Lêergebruik
Die volgende bladsy gebruik dié lêer:
Globale lêergebruik
Die volgende ander wiki's gebruik hierdie lêer:
- Gebruik in ar.wikipedia.org
- Gebruik in as.wikipedia.org
- Gebruik in az.wikipedia.org
- Gebruik in be.wikipedia.org
- Gebruik in ca.wikipedia.org
- Gebruik in ce.wikipedia.org
- Gebruik in cs.wikipedia.org
- Gebruik in de.wikipedia.org
- Gebruik in en.wikipedia.org
- Gebruik in es.wikipedia.org
- Gebruik in fa.wikipedia.org
- Gebruik in fr.wikipedia.org
- Gebruik in gu.wikipedia.org
- Gebruik in he.wikipedia.org
- Gebruik in hr.wikipedia.org
- Gebruik in hu.wikipedia.org
- Gebruik in hu.wikisource.org
- Gebruik in hu.wiktionary.org
- Gebruik in hy.wikipedia.org
- Gebruik in id.wikipedia.org
- Gebruik in it.wikipedia.org
- Gebruik in it.wikibooks.org
- Gebruik in ja.wikipedia.org
- Gebruik in ko.wikipedia.org
- Gebruik in ko.wikisource.org
- Gebruik in meta.wikimedia.org
- Gebruik in no.wikipedia.org
- Gebruik in pt.wikipedia.org
- Gebruik in ru.wikipedia.org
- Gebruik in sh.wikipedia.org
- Gebruik in sk.wikisource.org
- Gebruik in sq.wikipedia.org
Wys meer globale gebruik van die lêer.