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South Yemen,[lower-alpha 3] officially the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen,[lower-alpha 4] officially abbreviated to Democratic Yemen,[lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 6] was a state that existed from 1967 to 1990 as the only communist state in the Middle East and the Arab world.[7] It was made up of the southern and eastern governorates of the present-day Republic of Yemen, including the island of Socotra. It was bordered by North Yemen to the North-West, Saudi Arabia to the North, and Oman to the East.
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People's Republic of South Yemen (1967–1970) جمهورية اليمن الجنوبية الشعبية People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1970–1990) جمهورية اليمن الديمقراطية الشعبية | |||||||||||
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1967–1990 | |||||||||||
Motto: وحدة ، حرية ، إشتراكية Waḥdah, Ḥurrīyah, Ishtirākīyah ("Unity, Freedom, Socialism") | |||||||||||
Anthem: النشيد الوطني لجمهورية اليمن الديمقراطية الشعبية An-Našid al-Waṭane al-Jomhuriyat al-Yaman ad-Dimoqrâṭiya aš-Šaʿbiya "National Anthem of People's Democratic Republic of Yemen" | |||||||||||
Status | Historical sovereign UN member state | ||||||||||
Capital and largest city | Aden 12.7855° N, 45.0187° E | ||||||||||
Official languages | Arabic | ||||||||||
Religion | Islam[lower-alpha 1] | ||||||||||
Demonym(s) | Yemeni/Yemenite | ||||||||||
Government | Unitary Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist republic[4] | ||||||||||
General Secretary | |||||||||||
• 1978–1980 | Abdul Fattah Ismail | ||||||||||
• 1980–1986 | Ali Nasir Muhammad | ||||||||||
• 1986–1990 | Ali Salim al-Beidh | ||||||||||
President | |||||||||||
• 1967–1969 (first) | Qahtan al-Shaabi | ||||||||||
• 1986–1990 (last) | Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas | ||||||||||
Prime Minister | |||||||||||
• 1969 (first) | Faysal al-Shaabi | ||||||||||
• 1986–1990 (last) | Yasin Said Numan | ||||||||||
Legislature | Supreme People's Council | ||||||||||
Independence from the United Kingdom | |||||||||||
Historical era | Cold War | ||||||||||
• Independence declared | 30 November 1967 | ||||||||||
14 December 1967 | |||||||||||
22 June, 1969 | |||||||||||
• Constitution adopted | 31 October 1978 | ||||||||||
22 May 1990 | |||||||||||
Area | |||||||||||
• Total | 360,133 km2 (139,048 sq mi) | ||||||||||
Population | |||||||||||
• Estimate | 2,200,000[5] | ||||||||||
Currency | South Yemeni dinar (YDD) | ||||||||||
Driving side | right | ||||||||||
Calling code | +969[6] | ||||||||||
ISO 3166 code | YD | ||||||||||
Internet TLD | .yd[lower-alpha 2] | ||||||||||
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Today part of | Yemen | ||||||||||
South Yemen's origins can be traced to 1874 with the creation of the British Colony of Aden and the Aden Protectorate, which consisted of two-thirds of present-day Yemen. Prior to 1937, what was to become the Colony of Aden had been governed as a part of British India, originally as the Aden Settlement subordinate to the Bombay Presidency and then as a Chief Commissioner's province. After the collapse of Aden Protectorate, a state of emergency was declared in 1963, when the National Liberation Front (NLF) and the Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen (FLOSY) rebelled against the British rule.