User:Mr. Ibrahem/Testicular cancer
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Testicular cancer is cancer that develops in the testicles, a part of the male reproductive system.[9] Symptoms may include a lump in the testicle, or swelling or pain in the scrotum.[2]
Testicular cancer | |
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Other names | Testis tumor[1] |
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7.4 × 5.5-cm seminoma in a radical orchiectomy specimen. | |
Specialty | Oncology |
Symptoms | Lump in the testicle, swelling or pain in the scrotum[2] |
Usual onset | 15 to 35 years old males[2] |
Types | >95% Germ cell tumors (seminomas and nonseminomas),[2] sex-cord stromal tumors, lymphomas[3][4] |
Risk factors | Undescended testis, family history of the disease, previous history of testicular cancer[4] |
Diagnostic method | Physical exam, ultrasound, blood tests, surgical removal of the testicle[5] |
Differential diagnosis | Spermatocele, epididymitis, inguinal hernia, appendix testis[1] |
Treatment | Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation[5] |
Prognosis | Five-year survival rate rates ~ 95% (US)[6] |
Frequency | 686,000 (2015)[7] |
Deaths | 9,400 (2015)[8] |
Risk factors include an undescended testis, family history of the disease, and previous history of testicular cancer.[4] The most common type (>95%) are germ cell tumors which are divided into seminomas and nonseminomas.[2] Other types include sex-cord stromal tumors and lymphomas.[3] Diagnosis is typically based on a physical exam, ultrasound, and blood tests.[5] Surgical removal of the testicle with examination under a microscope is then done to determine the type.[5]
Testicular cancer is highly treatable and usually curable.[4] Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or stem cell transplantation.[5] Even in cases in which cancer has spread widely, chemotherapy offers a cure rate greater than 80%.[3] Treatment may result in infertility.[5]
Globally testicular cancer affected about 686,000 people in 2015.[7] That year it resulted in 9,400 deaths up from 7,000 deaths in 1990.[8][10] Rates are lower in the developing than the developed world.[11] Onset most commonly occurs in males 15 to 35 years old.[2] The five-year survival rate in the United States is about 95%.[6] Outcomes are better when the disease remains localized.[6]