User:Mr. Ibrahem/Spondylolisthesis
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Spondylolisthesis is the displacement of one spinal vertebra compared to another.[1] Symptoms main include back pain or sciatica; though some have no symptoms.[1][2] Symptoms may be worsened with movement of the back.[1] Trouble walking and leg weakness may occur.[1] Complications may rarely include loss of bowel or bladder control.[1]
Spondylolisthesis | |
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Other names | Olisthesis |
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X-ray of the lateral lumbar spine with a grade III anterolisthesis at the L5-S1 level. | |
Pronunciation | |
Specialty | Orthopedics |
Symptoms | Back pain, sciatica[1] |
Complications | Loss of bowel or bladder control[1] |
Types | By slippage: Grade I, II, III, IV, V[1] By cause: Type I, II, III, IV, V[2] |
Causes | Degenerative, isthmic, traumatic, dysplastic, pathologic[1] |
Risk factors | Obesity, certain sports[1] |
Diagnostic method | Medical imaging[1] |
Differential diagnosis | Degenerative disc disease, myofascial pain[1] |
Treatment | Pain medication, physiotherapy, steroid injections, surgery[3] |
Frequency | 12% (USA)[3] |
Causes include degenerative, isthmic, traumatic, dysplastic, or pathologic.[1] Isthmic disease refers to break down of the pars interarticularis which may repeated minor trauma such as with wrestling or gymnastics.[1] Dysplastic disease refers to abnormal facet joint alignment, which may be either present at birth or acquired later in life.[1] Pathologic disease refers to connective tissue disorders, cancer, or following surgery.[1] Diagnosis is typically by X ray.[1] Most commonly the lower lumbar spine is affected; though the cervical spine may also be involved.[1]
Initial treatment may include pain medication, physiotherapy, and steroid injections into the area.[3] Other measures may include weight loss.[1] If this is not sufficiently effective certain people may benefit from surgery; however, which type of surgery is benefit is unclear.[3]
Spondylolisthesis affects about 12% of people in the United States.[3] Degenerative disease occurs more commonly in women than men.[2] Spondylolisthesis was first described in 1782 by Belgian obstetrician Herbinaux.[4]