User:Mr. Ibrahem/Acetazolamide
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Acetazolamide, sold under the trade name Diamox among others, is a medication used to treat glaucoma, epilepsy, altitude sickness, periodic paralysis, idiopathic intracranial hypertension (raised brain pressure of unclear cause), and heart failure.[1][3] It may be used long term for the treatment of open angle glaucoma and short term for acute angle closure glaucoma until surgery can be carried out.[4] It is taken by mouth or injection into a vein.[1]
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Clinical data | |
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Trade names | Diamox, Diacarb, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
Pregnancy category |
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Routes of administration | By mouth or intravenous |
Drug class | Diuretic (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)[1] |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Protein binding | 70–90%[2] |
Metabolism | None[2] |
Elimination half-life | 2–4 hours[2] |
Excretion | Urine (90%)[2] |
Identifiers | |
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Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C4H6N4O3S2 |
Molar mass | 222.24 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
Melting point | 258 to 259 °C (496 to 498 °F) |
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Common side effects include numbness, ringing in the ears, loss of appetite, vomiting, and sleepiness.[1] It is not recommended in those with significant kidney problems, liver problems, or who are allergic to sulfonamides.[1][4] Acetazolamide is in the diuretic and carbonic anhydrase inhibitor families of medication.[1] It works by decreasing the amount of hydrogen ions and bicarbonate in the body.[1]
Acetazolamide came into medical use in 1952.[5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[6] Acetazolamide is available as a generic medication.[1] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$1.40–16.93 per month.[7] In the United States the wholesale cost is about US$125.34 per month.[8]