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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A planet symbol (or planetary symbol) is a graphical symbol used in astrology and astronomy to represent a classical planet (including the Sun and the Moon) or one of the eight modern planets. The symbols are also used in alchemy to represent the metals that are associated with the planets. The use of these symbols is based in ancient Greco-Roman astronomy, although their current shapes are a development of the 16th century.
The classical planets with their symbols and associated metals are:
planet | Sun | Mercury | Venus | Earth | Moon | Mars | Jupiter | Saturn | Uranus | Neptune | Pluto |
symbol | ☉,🜚 | ☿ | ♀ | ♁, 🜨, ⊕, ⨁ | ☾,🌑, ☽, 🌕, ☾ | ♂ | ♃ | ♄ | ⛢, ♅ | ♆ | ♇ |
IAU | Ma | Me | V | E | J | S | U | U | N | ||
metal | gold | mercury | copper | silver | iron | tin | lead | ||||
The International Astronomical Union discourages the use of these symbols in modern journal articles, and their style manual proposes one- and two-letter abbreviations for the names of the planets for cases where planetary symbols might be used, such as in the headings of tables.[1] The modern planets with their symbols and abbreviations recommended by the IAU:
Vesta | Juno | Ceres | Pallas | Chiron | Pluto | Hebe | Flora | Hygiea |
⚶ | ⚵ | ⚳ | ⚴ | ⚷ | ♇ | 🍷︎ | ⚘ | ⚕ |
The symbols of Venus and Mars are also used to represent female and male in biology and botany, following a convention introduced by Linnaeus in the 1750s.