![cover image](https://wikiwandv2-19431.kxcdn.com/_next/image?url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Torwali_in_Nastaliq.png/640px-Torwali_in_Nastaliq.png&w=640&q=50)
Torwali language
Indo-Aryan language spoken in Pakistan / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Torwali (توروالی) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Torwali people, and concentrated in the Bahrain and Chail areas of the Swat District in Pakistan.[2][3][4][5] The Torwali language is said to have originated from the pre-Muslim communities of Swat.[6] It is the closest modern Indo-Aryan language still spoken today to Niya, a dialect of Gāndhārī, a Middle Indo-Aryan language spoken in the ancient region of Gandhara.[7][8]
Torwali | |
---|---|
توروالی | |
![]() Torwali written in Perso-Arabic in Nastaliq style. | |
Region | Swat District |
Ethnicity | Torwali people |
Native speakers | 130,000 (2020)[1] |
Arabic script (primarily Nastaliq) | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | trw |
Glottolog | torw1241 |
ELP | Torwali |
![]() Torwali is a minor language of Pakistan which is mainly spoken by Torwali nation of Central Swat District, it is given a space in this map. |
![Thumb image](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Bahrain_town_in_Swat.jpg/640px-Bahrain_town_in_Swat.jpg)
Torwali is an endangered language: it is characterised as "definitely endangered" by UNESCO's Atlas of Endangered Languages,[9] and as "vulnerable" by the Catalogue of Endangered Languages.[10] There have been efforts to revitalize the language since 2004, and mother tongue community schools have been established by Idara Baraye Taleem-o-Taraqi (IBT).[11]