Third Portuguese Republic
Portuguese state since 1974 / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Third Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: Terceira República Portuguesa) is a period in the history of Portugal corresponding to the current democratic regime installed after the Carnation Revolution of 25 April 1974, that put an end to the paternal autocratic regime of Estado Novo of António de Oliveira Salazar and Marcelo Caetano. It was initially characterized by constant instability and was threatened by the possibility of a civil war during the early post-revolutionary years. A new constitution was drafted, censorship was prohibited, free speech declared, political prisoners were released and major Estado Novo institutions were closed. Eventually the country granted independence to its African colonies and begun a process of democratization that led to the accession of Portugal to the EEC (today's European Union) in 1986.
Portuguese Republic | |
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Anthem: "A Portuguesa" "The Portuguese" | |
Capital and largest city | Lisbon 38°46′N 9°9′W |
Official languages | Portuguese |
Recognised regional languages | Mirandese[note 1] |
Ethnic groups (2021) |
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Religion (2021)[3] |
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Demonym(s) | Portuguese |
Government | Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic[4] |
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa | |
Luís Montenegro | |
Legislature | Assembly of the Republic |
Establishment | |
868 | |
1095 | |
24 June 1128 | |
• Kingdom | 25 July 1139 |
5 October 1143 | |
1 December 1640 | |
23 September 1822 | |
• Republic | 5 October 1910 |
25 April 1974 | |
25 April 1976[note 2] | |
1 January 1986 | |
Area | |
• Total | 92,212 km2 (35,603 sq mi)[5] (109th) |
• Water (%) | 1.2 (2015)[6] |
Population | |
• 2021 estimate | 10,352,042[7] (89th) |
• 2021 census | 10,343,066[8] |
• Density | 112.2[9]/km2 (290.6/sq mi) |
GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate |
• Total | $432.1 billion[10] (51st) |
• Per capita | $42,067[10] (43rd) |
GDP (nominal) | 2022 estimate |
• Total | $255.9 billion[10] (50th) |
• Per capita | $24,910[10] (40th) |
Gini (2020) | 31.2[11] medium inequality |
HDI (2021) | 0.866[12] very high (38th) |
Currency | Euro (€) (EUR) |
Time zone | UTC (WET) UTC−1 (Atlantic/Azores) |
UTC+1 (WEST) UTC (Atlantic/Azores) | |
Note: Continental Portugal and Madeira use WET/WEST; the Azores are 1 hour behind. | |
Date format | dd/mm/yyyy |
Driving side | right |
Calling code | +351 |
ISO 3166 code | PT |
Internet TLD | .pt |
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