Temporin
Elephant temporal gland secretion / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In elephants, temporin is the visible liquid secreted by temporal glands. It contains proteins, lipids (notably cholesterol), phenols, cresols and sesquiterpenes (notably farnesol and its derivatives).[1] During musth androgens such as testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and androstenedione are increased in blood and urine.[1]: 110 Temporin has a communicative function among elephant individuals in a group.[1]: 101
In male elephants, temporin is secreted more during the period of musth, a period of heightened sexual arousal and dominance behavior. Of note, not all temporal gland excretions in African elephant bulls do necessarily represent the musth phase.[1]: 111 Female elephants also secrete temporin: African females secrete it quite freely, whereas Asian females secrete it in advanced stage of pregnancy or soon after calving.[1]: 154