São Tomé and Príncipe
African island country in the Gulf of Guinea / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
São Tomé and Príncipe,[lower-alpha 1] officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe,[lower-alpha 2] is an island country in the Gulf of Guinea, the western equatorial coast of Central Africa. It consists of two archipelagos around the two main islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, about 150 km (93.21 mi) apart and about 250 and 225 km (155 and 140 mi) off the northwestern coast of Gabon. With a population of 201,800 (2018 official estimate),[10] São Tomé and Príncipe is the second-smallest and second-least populous African sovereign state after Seychelles.
Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe | |
---|---|
Motto: "Unidade, Disciplina, Trabalho" ("Unity, Discipline, Labour") | |
Anthem: "Independência total" ("Total Independence") | |
Capital and largest city | São Tomé 0°20′N 6°44′E |
Official languages | Portuguese |
Recognised regional languages | |
Religion (2020)[1] |
|
Demonym(s) |
|
Government | Unitary semi-presidential republic[3] |
Carlos Vila Nova | |
Patrice Trovoada | |
Legislature | National Assembly |
Independence | |
• from Portugal | 12 July 1975 |
Area | |
• Total | 964[4] km2 (372 sq mi) (171st) |
• Water (%) | Negligible |
Population | |
• 2023 estimate | 220,372[5] (175th) |
• Density | 199.7/km2 (517.2/sq mi) (69th) |
GDP (PPP) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | $1 billion[6] |
• Per capita | $4,238[6] |
GDP (nominal) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | $751 million[6] |
• Per capita | $3,167[6] |
Gini (2017) | 56.3[7] high |
HDI (2022) | 0.613[8] medium (141st) |
Currency | Dobra (STN) |
Time zone | UTC (GMT) |
Date format | dd/mm/yyyy |
Driving side | right |
Calling code | +239 |
ISO 3166 code | ST |
Internet TLD | .st |
The islands were uninhabited until their discovery in 1470 by Portuguese explorers João de Santarém and Pedro Escobar. Gradually colonized and settled throughout the 16th century, they collectively served as a vital commercial and trade centre for the Atlantic slave trade. The rich volcanic soil and proximity to the equator made São Tomé and Príncipe ideal for sugar cultivation, followed later by cash crops such as coffee and cocoa; the lucrative plantation economy was heavily dependent upon enslaved Africans. Cycles of social unrest and economic instability throughout the 19th and 20th centuries culminated in peaceful independence in 1975. São Tomé and Príncipe has since remained one of Africa's most stable and democratic countries. São Tomé and Príncipe is a developing economy with a medium Human Development Index.
The people of São Tomé and Príncipe are predominantly of African and mestiço descent, with most practicing Christianity. The legacy of Portuguese rule is also visible in the country's culture, customs, and music, which fuse European and African influences. São Tomé and Príncipe is a founding member state of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries.