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Robinson Crusoe
1719 novel by Daniel Defoe / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Robinson Crusoe[lower-alpha 1] (/ˈkruːsoʊ/ KROO-soh) is an English adventure novel by Daniel Defoe, first published on 25 April 1719. Written with a combination of Epistolary, confessional, and didactic forms, the book follows the title character (born Robinson Kreutznaer) after he is cast away and spends 28 years on a remote tropical desert island near the coasts of Venezuela and Trinidad, encountering cannibals, captives, and mutineers before being rescued. The story has been thought to be based on the life of Alexander Selkirk,[2] a Scottish castaway who lived for four years on a Pacific island called "Más a Tierra" (now part of Chile) which was renamed Robinson Crusoe Island in 1966.[3]: 23–24 [4] Pedro Serrano is another real-life castaway whose story might have inspired the novel.[5][6]
![]() Title page from the first edition | |
Author | Daniel Defoe |
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Original title | The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York, Mariner: Who lived Eight and Twenty Years, all alone in an un-inhabited Island on the Coast of America, near the Mouth of the Great River of Oroonoque; Having been cast on Shore by Shipwreck, wherein all the Men perished but himself. An Account how he was at last as strangely deliver'd by Pyrates. Written by Himself. |
Language | English |
Genre | Adventure, historical fiction |
Set in | England, the Caribbean and the Pyrenees, 1651–1687 |
Publisher | William Taylor |
Publication date | 25 April 1719 (305 years ago) (1719-04-25) |
Publication place | Great Britain |
823.51 | |
LC Class | PR3403 .A1 |
Followed by | The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe |
Text | Robinson Crusoe at Wikisource |
The first edition credited the work's protagonist Robinson Crusoe as its author, leading many readers to believe he was a real person and that the book was a non-fiction travelogue.[7] Despite its simple narrative style, Robinson Crusoe was well received in the literary world and is often credited as marking the beginning of realistic fiction as a literary genre. Some allege it is a contender for the first English novel,[8] but Dale Spender's research proves otherwise in her 1986 book Mothers of the Novel: 100 Good Women Writers Before Jane Austen.
Before the end of 1719, the book had already run through four editions, and it has gone on to become one of the most widely published books in history, spawning so many imitations, not only in literature but also in film, television, and radio, that its name is used to define a genre, the Robinsonade.[9]