Propofol
Intravenous medication used in anesthesia / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Propofol[7] is the active component of an intravenous anesthetic formulation used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It is chemically termed 2,6-diisopropylphenol. The formulation was approved under the brand name Diprivan. Numerous generic versions have since been released. Intravenous administration is used to induce unconsciousness after which anesthesia may be maintained using a combination of medications. It is manufactured as part of a sterile injectable emulsion formulation using soybean oil and lecithin, giving it a white milky coloration.[8]
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Trade names | Diprivan, others[1] |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
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Dependence liability | Physical: Very High Psychological: no data |
Addiction liability | Moderate[2] |
Routes of administration | Intravenous |
Drug class | GABA receptor agonist; sedative; hypnotic |
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Bioavailability | NA |
Protein binding | 95–99% |
Metabolism | Liver glucuronidation |
Onset of action | 15–30 seconds[5] |
Elimination half-life | 1.5–31 hours[5] |
Duration of action | ~5–10 minutes[5] |
Excretion | Liver |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.016.551 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C12H18O |
Molar mass | 178.275 g·mol−1 |
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Solubility in water | ΔGsolvH2O = -4.39kcal/mol[6] |
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Recovery from propofol-induced anesthesia is generally rapid and associated with less frequent side effects[9][10] (e.g. drowsiness, nausea, vomiting) compared to other anesthetic agents. Propofol may be used prior to diagnostic procedures requiring anesthesia, in the management of refractory status epilepticus, and for induction and/or maintenance of anesthesia prior to and during surgeries. It may be administered as a bolus or an infusion, or some combination of the two.
First synthesized in 1973, by John B. Glen, a British veterinary anesthesiologist working for Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI, later AstraZeneca),[11] in 1986 propofol was introduced for therapeutic use as a lipid emulsion in the United Kingdom and New Zealand. Propofol (Diprivan) received FDA approval in October 1989. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[12]