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Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine
Pneumonia vaccine / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, sold under the brand name Pneumovax 23, is a pneumococcal vaccine that is used for the prevention of pneumococcal disease caused by the 23 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae contained in the vaccine as capsular polysaccharides.[2] It is given by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection.[2]
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Vaccine description | |
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Target | 23 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae |
Vaccine type | Polysaccharide |
Clinical data | |
Trade names | Pneumovax 23 |
Other names | PPSV, PPV-23, PPSV23 |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a607022 |
License data | |
Pregnancy category |
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Routes of administration | Intramuscular |
ATC code | |
Legal status | |
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Identifiers | |
ChemSpider |
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KEGG | |
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The polysaccharide antigens were used to induce type-specific antibodies that enhanced opsonization, phagocytosis, and killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal) bacteria by phagocytic immune cells. The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is widely used in high-risk adults.[4]
First used in 1945, the tetravalent vaccine was not widely distributed, since its deployment coincided with the discovery of penicillin.[5] In the 1970s, Robert Austrian championed the manufacture and distribution of a 14-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine.[6][7] This evolved in 1983 to a 23-valent formulation (PPSV23). A significant breakthrough affecting the burden of pneumococcal disease was the licensing of a protein conjugate heptavalent vaccine (PCV7) beginning in February 2000.[8]