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Pakubuwono XII
Susuhunan of Surakarta / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pakubuwono XII (also transliterated Pakubuwana XII; Surakarta, 14 April 1925 – Surakarta, 11 June 2004) was the twelfth Susuhunan (ruler of Surakarta) and the longest ruling of all monarchs in Surakarta history.
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He reigned under Japanese occupation during the Second World War, and through the Sukarno and Suharto eras; in effect, three eras in which traditional Javanese power had been both respected and challenged.[1]
Towards the end of his reign, he was able to stake the claim of his palaces' context in the modern Indonesia by the publication of Karaton Surakarta: A Look into the Court of Surakarta Hadiningrat, Central Java which was published in the same year of his death.[2]