Orange Order
Protestant fraternal order originating in Northern Ireland / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Loyal Orange Institution, commonly known as the Orange Order, is an international Protestant fraternal order based in Northern Ireland and primarily associated with Ulster Protestants. It also has lodges in England, Scotland, Wales and the Republic of Ireland, as well as in parts of the Commonwealth of Nations and the United States.[1][2][3]
Named after | King William of Orange |
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Formation | 21 September 1795; 228 years ago (1795-09-21) |
Founded at | Loughgall, County Armagh |
Type | Fraternal order |
Headquarters | Belfast, Northern Ireland |
Location |
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Edward Stevenson |
The Orange Order was founded by Ulster Protestants in County Armagh in 1795, during a period of Protestant–Catholic sectarian conflict, as a fraternity sworn to maintain the Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland. The all-island Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland was established in 1798. Its name is a tribute to the Dutch-born Protestant king William of Orange, who defeated Catholic king James II in the Williamite–Jacobite War (1689–1691). The Order is best known for its yearly marches, the biggest of which are held on or around 12 July (The Twelfth), a public holiday in Northern Ireland.
The Orange Order is a conservative, British unionist[4][5] and Ulster loyalist[6][7] organisation. Thus it has traditionally opposed Irish nationalism/republicanism and campaigned against Scottish independence.[8] The Order sees itself as defending Protestant civil and religious liberties, whilst critics accuse it of being sectarian,[9] triumphalist,[10][11][12][13] and supremacist.[13][14][15][16] It does not accept non-Protestants as members unless they convert and adhere to its principles, nor does it accept Protestants married to non-Protestants.[17][18][19] Orange marches through Catholic neighbourhoods are controversial and have often led to violence,[20][21] such as the Drumcree conflict.