Louisiana (New France)
Administrative district of New France (1682–1803) / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Louisiana (French: Louisiane) or French Louisiana[6] (Louisiane française) was an administrative district of New France. In 1682 the French explorer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle erected a cross near the mouth of the Mississippi River and claimed the whole of the drainage basin of the Mississippi River in the name of King Louis XIV, naming it "Louisiana".[7][8] This land area stretched from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico and from the Appalachian Mountains to the Rocky Mountains. The area was under French control from 1682 to 1762 and in part from 1801 (nominally) to 1803.
Colony of Louisiana Louisiane (French) | |||||||||||||||||
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District of New France | |||||||||||||||||
1682–1762 1801–1803 | |||||||||||||||||
New France before the Treaty of Utrecht | |||||||||||||||||
Capital | Mobile (1702–1720) Biloxi (1720–1722) La Nouvelle-Orléans (after 1722) | ||||||||||||||||
Population | |||||||||||||||||
• | 1,702 – 1,500 Europeans (east and west of the Mississippi) | ||||||||||||||||
• | 1,763 – 20,000 Europeans and Africans (west and east of the Mississippi) | ||||||||||||||||
• | 1,803 – 70,000 Europeans and Africans (west of the Mississippi) | ||||||||||||||||
• | 1,700s – over 1 million Native Americans (west and east of the Mississippi) | ||||||||||||||||
• | 1,803 – over 0.5 million Native Americans (west of the Mississippi) | ||||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||||
• Established | 1682 | ||||||||||||||||
1762 | |||||||||||||||||
1763 | |||||||||||||||||
21 March 1801 | |||||||||||||||||
30 April 1803 | |||||||||||||||||
• Transferred to the United States | 20 December 1803 | ||||||||||||||||
Political subdivisions | Upper Louisiana; Lower Louisiana | ||||||||||||||||
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Today part of | Canada United States |
Louisiana included two regions, now known as Upper Louisiana (la Haute-Louisiane), which began north of the Arkansas River, and Lower Louisiana (la Basse-Louisiane). The U.S. state of Louisiana is named for the historical region, although it is only a small part of the vast lands claimed by France.[6]
French exploration of the area began during the reign of Louis XIV, but French Louisiana was not greatly developed, due to a lack of human and financial resources. As a result of its defeat in the Seven Years' War, France was forced to cede the east part of the territory in 1763 to the victorious British, and the west part to Spain as compensation for Spain losing Florida. France regained sovereignty of the western territory in the secret Third Treaty of San Ildefonso of 1800. Strained by obligations in Europe and the Caribbean, Napoleon Bonaparte sold the territory to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, ending France's presence in Louisiana.
The United States ceded the part north of the 49th parallel to the United Kingdom in the Treaty of 1818. It is part of present-day Alberta and Saskatchewan.