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Lipoprotein lipase
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) (EC 3.1.1.34, systematic name triacylglycerol acylhydrolase (lipoprotein-dependent)) is a member of the lipase gene family, which includes pancreatic lipase, hepatic lipase, and endothelial lipase. It is a water-soluble enzyme that hydrolyzes triglycerides in lipoproteins, such as those found in chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), into two free fatty acids and one monoacylglycerol molecule:
- triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate
Lipoprotein lipase | |||||||||
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Identifiers | |||||||||
EC no. | 3.1.1.34 | ||||||||
CAS no. | 9004-02-8 | ||||||||
Databases | |||||||||
IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||||
BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||||
ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO | ||||||||
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It is also involved in promoting the cellular uptake of chylomicron remnants, cholesterol-rich lipoproteins, and free fatty acids.[5][6][7] LPL requires ApoC-II as a cofactor.[8][9]
LPL is attached to the luminal surface of endothelial cells in capillaries by the protein glycosylphosphatidylinositol HDL-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1) and by heparan sulfated peptidoglycans.[10] It is most widely distributed in adipose, heart, and skeletal muscle tissue, as well as in lactating mammary glands.[11][12][13]