Instant-runoff voting
Single-winner ranked-choice electoral system / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Instant-runoff voting (IRV), also known as ranked-choice voting or the alternative vote (AV),[1] combines ranked voting (in which voters rank candidates rather than choosing only a single preferred candidate) together with a system for choosing winners from these rankings by repeatedly eliminating the candidate with the fewest first-place votes and reassigning their votes until only one candidate is left.[2][3] It can be seen as a modified form of a runoff election or exhaustive ballot in which, after eliminating some candidates, the choice among the rest is made from already-given voter rankings rather than from a separate election. Many sources conflate this system of choosing winners with ranked-choice voting more generally, for which several other systems of choosing winners have also been used.
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IRV is used in national elections in several countries. In Australia, it is used to elect members of the federal House of Representatives,[4] as well as the lower houses in most states, the federal elections, and in some local government elections. It is used to elect the president of India, the president of Ireland,[5] and the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea,[6] as well as to determine the Academy Award for Best Picture[7] and the Hugo Awards.[8]