Endoplasmic reticulum stress in beta cells
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Beta cells are heavily engaged in the synthesis and secretion of insulin. They are therefore particularly sensitive to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the subsequent unfolded protein response (UPR). Severe or prolonged episodes of ER stress can lead to the death of beta cells,[1] which can contribute to the development of both type I and type II diabetes.[2]
ER stress in beta cells links obesity to type 2 diabetes and inflammation to type 1 diabetes.
ER stress in peripheral cells has also been linked to insulin resistance,[3] a precursor to type 2 diabetes.