Diethyl ether
Organic chemical compound / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Diethyl ether, or simply ether, is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH3CH2)2O, also written as C4H10O or (C2H5)2O, sometimes abbreviated as Et2O.[lower-alpha 1] It is a colourless, highly volatile, sweet-smelling ("ethereal odour"), extremely flammable liquid. It belongs to the ether class of organic compounds. It is commonly used as a solvent in laboratories and as a starting fluid for some engines. It was formerly used as a general anesthetic, until non-flammable drugs were developed, such as halothane. It has been used as a recreational drug to cause intoxication.
Quick Facts Names, Identifiers ...
Names | |
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Preferred IUPAC name
Ethoxyethane | |
Other names
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Identifiers | |
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3D model (JSmol) |
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1696894 | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.425 |
EC Number |
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25444 | |
KEGG |
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PubChem CID |
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RTECS number |
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UNII | |
UN number | 1155 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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Properties | |
(CH3CH2)2O | |
Molar mass | 74.123 g·mol−1 |
Appearance | Colorless liquid |
Odor | Dry, Rum-like, sweetish odor[1] |
Density | 0.7134 g/cm3, liquid |
Melting point | −116.3 °C (−177.3 °F; 156.8 K) |
Boiling point | 34.6 °C (94.3 °F; 307.8 K)[2] |
6.05 g/(100 mL)[3] | |
log P | 0.98[4] |
Vapor pressure | 440 mmHg at 20 °C (58.66 kPa at 20 °C)[1] |
−55.1·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Refractive index (nD) |
1.353 (20 °C) |
Viscosity | 0.224 cP (25 °C) |
Structure | |
1.15 D (gas) | |
Thermochemistry | |
Heat capacity (C) |
172.5 J/(mol·K) |
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
253.5 J/(mol·K) |
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
(−271.2±1.9) kJ/mol |
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) |
(−2732.1±1.9) kJ/mol |
Pharmacology | |
N01AA01 (WHO) | |
Hazards | |
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards |
Extremely flammable, harmful to skin, decomposes to explosive peroxides in air and light[1] |
GHS labelling: | |
Danger | |
H224, H302, H336 | |
P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P312, P330, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501 | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Flash point | −45 °C (−49 °F; 228 K)[5] |
160 °C (320 °F; 433 K)[5] | |
Explosive limits | 1.9–48.0%[6] |
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LC50 (median concentration) |
73,000 ppm (rat, 2 hr) 6500 ppm (mouse, 1.65 hr)[7] |
LCLo (lowest published) |
106,000 ppm (rabbit) 76,000 ppm (dog)[7] |
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |
PEL (Permissible) |
TWA 400 ppm (1200 mg/m3)[1] |
REL (Recommended) |
No established REL[1] |
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
1900 ppm[1] |
Safety data sheet (SDS) | External MSDS |
Related compounds | |
Related ethers |
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Related compounds |
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Supplementary data page | |
Diethyl ether (data page) | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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